Bone healing tutorial + Intro on Inflam and healing Flashcards

1
Q

What is a labile cell?

A

Cells that are continuously dividine such as skin cells.

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2
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

Change in one cell type with another

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3
Q

If cells cant adapt by mechanisms such as hypertrophy, metaplasia etc then they die by…. or …..

A
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4
Q

What does a necrosed cell look like under the microscope?

This colour change is called??

A
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5
Q

Inflammation is the reaction of ________ tissue to injury.

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Why is it a double-edged sword?

A

vascularised.

Initially, it is protective but it can do unnecessary damage to the host.

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6
Q

What sorts of things can cause inflammation?

A
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7
Q

Which 3 things occur in actue inflammation?

What is the most important leukocyte in acute inflammation?

A

neutrophils followed by macrophages 48h later.

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8
Q

Explain the 4 steps of leukocyte migration

A
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9
Q

Inflammation process are driven by chemical mediators.

A
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10
Q

What is purulent inflammation? Characteristics?

A
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11
Q

What is serous inflammation? Characteristics?

A
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12
Q

What is fibrinous inflammation? Characteristics? Where is it seen most commonly?

A
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13
Q

What are the key players in chronic inflammation?

A
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14
Q

What is the main driver of fever?
How do NSAIDS help fever?

A
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15
Q

Explain what leukocytosis is and ‘left shift’?

A
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16
Q

Explain why acute phase proteins are released? Which are released and their affect?

A
17
Q

What is the role of a macrophage in inflammation?

A

Help with healing: they clear up infective agent and clear necrotic debris. They also provide cytokines which provide the stimulus for tissue repair.

18
Q

What are the two outcomes from damage to the tissue?

A

Regeneration vs scarring

19
Q

What are the steps of healing by fibrosis?

A
20
Q
A
21
Q

Explain healing by primary intention?

A
22
Q

Explain healing by secondary intention?

A
23
Q

What is a ‘keloid’, hypertrophic scar and ‘proud flesh’?

A
24
Q

Stages of healing a bone fracture?

A
25
Q

What 2 things could go wrong with healing a bone fracture?

A
26
Q

Main difference in necrosis vs apoptosis?

A

Necrosis=cellular release of contents.

Apoptosis=membrane bound cellular contents.

27
Q

Different types of necrosis?

A

Coagulative, gangrenous, liquifactive and caceous

28
Q

What is coagulative necrosis?

A
29
Q

What is gangrenous necrosis?

A
30
Q

What is liquefactive necrosis?

A
31
Q

What is caceous necrosis?

A
32
Q

Clinical signs of acute inflammation (5 of them)?

A
33
Q

Two components of acute inflammation?

A
34
Q

3 phases of fracture healing?

A

Inflammatory phase, reparative phase, remodelling phase.

35
Q

Inflammatory phase of bone healing?

A
36
Q

Reparative phase of bone healing

A
37
Q
A
38
Q

Remodelling of bone fracture?

A