Bone healing tutorial + Intro on Inflam and healing

Question 1

What is a labile cell?

Answer 1

Cells that are continuously dividine such as skin cells.

Question 2

What is metaplasia?

Answer 2

Change in one cell type with another

Question 3

If cells cant adapt by mechanisms such as hypertrophy, metaplasia etc then they die by…. or …..

Answer 3

Question 4

What does a necrosed cell look like under the microscope?

This colour change is called??

Answer 4

Question 5

Inflammation is the reaction of ________ tissue to injury.

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Why is it a double-edged sword?

Answer 5

vascularised.

Initially, it is protective but it can do unnecessary damage to the host.

Question 6

What sorts of things can cause inflammation?

Answer 6

Question 7

Which 3 things occur in actue inflammation?

What is the most important leukocyte in acute inflammation?

Answer 7

neutrophils followed by macrophages 48h later.

Question 8

Explain the 4 steps of leukocyte migration

Answer 8

Question 9

Inflammation process are driven by chemical mediators.

Answer 9

Question 10

What is purulent inflammation? Characteristics?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is serous inflammation? Characteristics?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is fibrinous inflammation? Characteristics? Where is it seen most commonly?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the key players in chronic inflammation?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the main driver of fever?
How do NSAIDS help fever?

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain what leukocytosis is and ‘left shift’?

Answer 15

Question 16

Explain why acute phase proteins are released? Which are released and their affect?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the role of a macrophage in inflammation?

Answer 17

Help with healing: they clear up infective agent and clear necrotic debris. They also provide cytokines which provide the stimulus for tissue repair.

Question 18

What are the two outcomes from damage to the tissue?

Answer 18

Regeneration vs scarring

Question 19

What are the steps of healing by fibrosis?

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain healing by primary intention?

Answer 21

Question 22

Explain healing by secondary intention?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is a ‘keloid’, hypertrophic scar and ‘proud flesh’?

Answer 23

Question 24

Stages of healing a bone fracture?

Answer 24

Question 25

What 2 things could go wrong with healing a bone fracture?

Answer 25

Question 26

Main difference in necrosis vs apoptosis?

Answer 26

Necrosis=cellular release of contents. Apoptosis=membrane bound cellular contents.

Question 27

Different types of necrosis?

Answer 27

Coagulative, gangrenous, liquifactive and caceous

Question 28

What is coagulative necrosis?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is gangrenous necrosis?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is liquefactive necrosis?

Answer 30

Question 31

What is caceous necrosis?

Answer 31

Question 32

Clinical signs of acute inflammation (5 of them)?

Answer 32

Question 33

Two components of acute inflammation?

Answer 33

Question 34

3 phases of fracture healing?

Answer 34

Inflammatory phase, reparative phase, remodelling phase.

Question 35

Inflammatory phase of bone healing?

Answer 35

Question 36

Reparative phase of bone healing

Answer 36

Question 38

Remodelling of bone fracture?

Answer 38