Pneumonia Tutorial Flashcards
What is the definition of pneumonia and why does it occur?
What are the two different types of pneumonia? explain
What are the two different classifications of pneumonia and why?
How does bacterial pneumonia normally start?
What bacteria causes a majority of the bacterial pneumonia?
Often starts as a viral infection first and is then followed by a bacterial infection. It will either be lobar or bronchopneumonia
Most often caused by: Streptococcus pneumoniae (95% of cases).
What are the 4 stages of lobar pneumonia?
How long does each stage last?
Day 1: Congestion.
Day 2-4: Red Hepatization
Days 5-8: Grey Hepatization
Why are the macrophages ‘grey’ when they get to the alveoli?
By looking at a lung, how can you tell if it is bronchopneumonia?
Foci are patchy and centred around the bronchi before spreading to adjacent lung tissue.
What type of pneumonia is this?
Bronchopneumonia.
Explain the aetiology of a community-acquired viral pneumonia and why it would occur.
How does the pneumonia present?
Atypical pneumonia: inflammatory exudate is mainly in the alveolar walls rather than inside the alveolar spaces and comprised of mononuclear cells (macrophages, plasma cells, T cells).
What type of pneumonia is seen here?
Atypical pneumonia, maybe from a viral infection or mycoplasma pneumoniae.
What is the pneumonia seen here?
Atypical pneumonia.
What is ARDS? How is it caused?
What is it a complication of?
What is shown here?
ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome from a viral pneumonia.
About 15-30% of AIDS patients will develop pneumonia caused by _____________.
Why does this pneumonia occur?
What does the pneumonia look like?
What is characteristic about this pneumonia?
Pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocystis pneumonia.
It is a reactivation of a latent infection early in life.
It is similar to the atypical pneumonia (interstitial type) seen in viral infections.
The fungus kills type 2 pneumocytes, which release surfactant, and is seen as a foamy “cotton candy” like exudate within the alveolar spaces.
What type of pneumonia is this?
Pneumocystis pneumonia with the characteristic “cotton candy” like exudate.
What type of pneumonia is this and why?
What is aspiration pneumonia?
What can cause aspiration pneumonia?
How malignant is aspiration pneumonia?
Aspiration of GI contents into the lung which causes an infection.
