Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
What is wrong with a valve if it is stenotic?
Doesn’t open properly
What is wrong with a valve if it is incompetent?
Doesn’t close properly
Causes of aortic stenosis
Congenitally bicuspid valve
Age-related/ degenerative
Rheumatic
Signs of aortic stenosis
Low volume slow rising pulse
Forceful apex - LV heave
Ejection systolic murmur - radiates to carotids
Treatment of aortic stenosis
Oval be replacement
Balloon aortic valve tommy
TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation)
Advantage of mechanical heart valve
Longevity
Disadvantage of mechanical heart valve
Need to take anticoagulants
Advantage of biprosthetic heart valve
Don’t need to take warfarin
Disadvantage of bioprosthetic heart valve
Long durability?
Causes of mitral regurgitation
Rheumatic heart disease Endocarditis Chordae rupture Papillary muscle ischaemia LV dilatation
Signs of mitral regurgitation
Displaced apex beat
Pansystolic murmur - radiates to axilla
Treatment of mitral regurgitation
Drugs (diuretics, ACE inhibitors)
Surgery
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
Congenital (rare)
Signs of mitral stenosis
Malay flush
Tapping apex beat
Mid diastolic murmur
Treatment of mitral stenosis
Drugs (diuretics, betablockers, digoxin, warfarin)
Surgery
Mitral balloon valvuloplasty
