Hypertension Flashcards
Pathological hallmark of accelerated phase (malignant) hypertension?
Fibrinoid necrosis
Causes of secondary hypertension?
Renal disease Endocrine disease Pregnancy Aortic disease Renal artery stenosis Drug therapy
Symptoms of malignant hypertension
Headache/ cerebral haemorrhage
Visual disturbance
Acute renal failure
Acute heart failure
What does the assign score estimate?
Risk of having a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years
What percentage of the population are hypertensive?
25%
What in Conn’s syndrome an excess of?
Aldosterone
What is Cushing’s syndrome an excess of?
Corticosteroid
What is phaeochromocytoma an excess of?
Noradrenaline
What can benign hypertension lead to?
Left ventricular hypertrophy Congestive cardiac failure Increases atheroma Increases aneurysm rupture Renal disease
Define stage 1 hypertension
Clinic BP > 140/90
ABPM/HBPM > 135/85
Define stage 2 hypertension
Clinic BP > 160/100
ABPM/HBPM > 150/95
Define severe hypertension
Clinic BP > 180/110
Investigations for all hypertensive patients
Urine - presence of protein
FBC - glucose, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, cholesterol
U+E’s
Examine funds for hypertensive retinopathy
12-lead ECG
Step 1 hypertension treatment if aged 55 or less
ACE inhibitor or ARB
Step 1 hypertension treatment if over 55 or black
Calcium-channel blocker
