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AY Cardiovascular > Common Cardio Drugs > Flashcards

Common Cardio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Block Na reabsorption in the kidneys

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of diuretics?

A

Thiazide diuretics

Loop diuretics

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3
Q

Which is stronger thiazide or loop diuretics?

A

Loop

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4
Q

Example of a thiazide diuretic

A

Bendrofluazide

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5
Q

What are thiazide diuretics used in?

A

Hypotension

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6
Q

Example of loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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7
Q

What are loop diuretics used in?

A

Heart failure

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8
Q

Side effects of diuretics

A

Hypokalaemia (tired, arrhythmias)
Hyperglycaemia (diabetes)
Increased Uris acid (gout)
Impotence

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9
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Block B1 + B2 adrenoceptors

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of beta blockers?

A

Cardioselective

Non selective

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11
Q

Which receptor do cardioselective beta blockers block?

A

B1 receptors

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12
Q

Example of cardioselective betablocker

A

Atenolol

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13
Q

What are cardioselective beta blockers used in?

A

Angina hypertension and heart failure

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14
Q

What receptors do non selective beta blocker block?

A

B1 + B2 receptors

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15
Q

Exams of non selective beta blocker

A

Propranolol

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16
Q

What are non selective beta blockers used in?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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17
Q

Side effects of beta blockers?

A

Never use in asthma!!!!!
Tired
Heart failure
Cold peripheries

(Good in long term heart failure but can worsen short term)

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18
Q

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

A

Dinydropyridines

Rate limiting calcium antagonists

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19
Q

Example of dihydropyrimidjne

A

Amlodipine

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20
Q

What are dihydropyrimidjnes used in?

A

Hypertension and angina

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21
Q

Side effect of dihydropyrimidjnes

A

Ankle oedema

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22
Q

Example of rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

Verapamil, diltiazem

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23
Q

What are rate limiting calcium antagonist used in?

A

Hypertension and angina

SVT arrhythmias

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24
Q

What should rate limiting calcium antagonist be given with?

A

Beta blockers

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25
Q

What do alpha blockers do?

A

Block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

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26
Q

Example of alpha blocker

A

Doxazosin

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27
Q

What are alpha blockers used in?

A

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

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28
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers

A

Postural hypotension

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29
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

30
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used in?

A

Hypertension and heart failure
Good for kidneys in diabetic neuropathy
Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

31
Q

Example of ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

32
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough
Renal dysfunction
Angiomeurotic oedema

33
Q

When shoulD ACE inhibitors never be used?

A

Pregnancy

34
Q

What do ARBs do?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

35
Q

Example of ARB

A

Losartan

36
Q

What are ARBs used in?

A

Hypertension & heart failure
Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy
Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

37
Q

Side effects of ARBs

A

Renal dysfunction

No cough

38
Q

When should ARBs never be given?

A

Pregnancy

39
Q

What do nitrates do?

A

Venodilators

40
Q

Example of nitrate

A

Isosrbide monoritrate

41
Q

What are nitrates used in?

A

Angina

Acute heart failure

42
Q

How ,any hours a day should you leave nitrate free?

A

8 hours

43
Q

Side effects of nitrates

A

Headache

Hypotension/collapse

44
Q

What do anti platelet agents do?

A

Prevent new thrombosis

45
Q

Examples of anitplatelets

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Prasugrel

46
Q

What are anti platelets used in?

A

Angina
Acute MI
CVA/TIA
Patriots at high risk of MI & CVA

47
Q

Side affects of anitplatelets

A

Haemorrhage anywhere
Peptic ulcer
Aspirin sensitivity - asthma

48
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

Prevent new thrombosis

Block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)

49
Q

What are anticoagulants used in?

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

50
Q

Side effects of anticoagulants

A

Haemorrhage anywhere

50
Q

What is rivaroxaban?

A

Factor X a inhibitor
(Reversed by vitamin K)

Da converts Prothrombin (II) to Thrombin (IIa)

51
Q

What is Dabigatran?

A

Thrombin (IIa) inhibitor

52
Q

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

A

Dissolve formed clot

53
Q

Examples of fibrinolytic drugs

A

Streptokinase

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

54
Q

When are fibrinolytic drugs used?

A 
STEMI 
PE (selected cases only) 
CVA (selected cases only)
55
Q

Side effects of fibrinolytic drugs

A

Haemorrhage (serious risk)

56
Q

When should fibrinolytic drugs be avoided

A 
Recent haemorrhage (some CVAs)
Trauma 
Bleeding tendencies 
Severe diabetic retinopathy 
Peptic ulcer
57
Q

What are the 2 types of anti cholesterol drugs?

A

Statins

Fibrates

58
Q

Example of a statin

A

Simvastatin

59
Q

What do statins do?

A

Blocks HMG CoA reductase

60
Q

What are stats used in?

A 
Hypercholestrolaemia
Diabetes 
Angina/MI 
CVA/TIA
High risk of MI and CVA
61
Q

Side effects of statins

A

Myopathy
Rhabdomyolysis
Renal failure

62
Q

Example of fibrates

A

Bezafibrate

63
Q

What are fibrates used in?

A

Hypertriglyceridaemia

low HDL cholestrol

64
Q

Anti arrhythmic drugs used in supraventricular arrhythmias (e.g. SVT)

A

Adenosine in acute phase

65
Q

Drugs used in Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhthymias

A

Amiodarone
Beta blockers
Flecainide

66
Q

Side effects of anti arrhythmic drugs

A

Phototoxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis
Thyroid abnormalities (Hypo or Hyper)

67
Q

What are the 2 effects of digoxin?

A

Blocks AV node conduction (A-V conduction delay)

Increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

68
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A 
Nausea/vomiting 
Yellow vision 
Brady cardia 
Heart block 
Ventricular arrhythmias
69
Q

What is digoxin used to treat?

A

AF

AY Cardiovascular (28 decks)

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