Common Cardio Drugs

Question 1

What do diuretics do?

Answer 1

Block Na reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 2

What are the 2 types of diuretics?

Answer 2

Thiazide diuretics

Loop diuretics

Question 3

Which is stronger thiazide or loop diuretics?

Answer 3

Loop

Question 4

Example of a thiazide diuretic

Answer 4

Bendrofluazide

Question 5

What are thiazide diuretics used in?

Answer 5

Hypotension

Question 6

Example of loop diuretic

Answer 6

Furosemide

Question 7

What are loop diuretics used in?

Answer 7

Heart failure

Question 8

Side effects of diuretics

Answer 8

Hypokalaemia (tired, arrhythmias)
Hyperglycaemia (diabetes)
Increased Uris acid (gout)
Impotence

Question 9

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 9

Block B1 + B2 adrenoceptors

Question 10

What are the 2 types of beta blockers?

Answer 10

Cardioselective

Non selective

Question 11

Which receptor do cardioselective beta blockers block?

Answer 11

B1 receptors

Question 12

Example of cardioselective betablocker

Answer 12

Atenolol

Question 13

What are cardioselective beta blockers used in?

Answer 13

Angina hypertension and heart failure

Question 14

What receptors do non selective beta blocker block?

Answer 14

B1 + B2 receptors

Question 15

Exams of non selective beta blocker

Answer 15

Propranolol

Question 16

What are non selective beta blockers used in?

Answer 16

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 17

Side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 17

Never use in asthma!!!!!
Tired
Heart failure
Cold peripheries

(Good in long term heart failure but can worsen short term)

Question 18

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

Answer 18

Dinydropyridines

Rate limiting calcium antagonists

Question 19

Example of dihydropyrimidjne

Answer 19

Amlodipine

Question 20

What are dihydropyrimidjnes used in?

Answer 20

Hypertension and angina

Question 21

Side effect of dihydropyrimidjnes

Answer 21

Ankle oedema

Question 22

Example of rate limiting calcium antagonists

Answer 22

Verapamil, diltiazem

Question 23

What are rate limiting calcium antagonist used in?

Answer 23

Hypertension and angina

SVT arrhythmias

Question 24

What should rate limiting calcium antagonist be given with?

Answer 24

Beta blockers

Question 25

What do alpha blockers do?

Answer 25

Block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

Question 26

Example of alpha blocker

Answer 26

Doxazosin

Question 27

What are alpha blockers used in?

Answer 27

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

Question 28

Side effects of alpha blockers

Answer 28

Postural hypotension

Question 29

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Answer 29

Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

Question 30

What are ACE inhibitors used in?

Answer 30

Hypertension and heart failure Good for kidneys in diabetic neuropathy Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

Question 31

Example of ACE inhibitor

Answer 31

Lisinopril

Question 32

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 32

Dry cough Renal dysfunction Angiomeurotic oedema

Question 33

When shoulD ACE inhibitors never be used?

Answer 33

Pregnancy

Question 34

What do ARBs do?

Answer 34

Block angiotensin II receptors

Question 35

Example of ARB

Answer 35

Losartan

Question 36

What are ARBs used in?

Answer 36

Hypertension & heart failure Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy Bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

Question 37

Side effects of ARBs

Answer 37

Renal dysfunction | No cough

Question 38

When should ARBs never be given?

Answer 38

Pregnancy

Question 39

What do nitrates do?

Answer 39

Venodilators

Question 40

Example of nitrate

Answer 40

Isosrbide monoritrate

Question 41

What are nitrates used in?

Answer 41

Angina | Acute heart failure

Question 42

How ,any hours a day should you leave nitrate free?

Answer 42

8 hours

Question 43

Side effects of nitrates

Answer 43

Headache | Hypotension/collapse

Question 44

What do anti platelet agents do?

Answer 44

Prevent new thrombosis

Question 45

Examples of anitplatelets

Answer 45

Aspirin Clopidogrel Ticagrelor Prasugrel

Question 46

What are anti platelets used in?

Answer 46

Angina Acute MI CVA/TIA Patriots at high risk of MI & CVA

Question 47

Side affects of anitplatelets

Answer 47

Haemorrhage anywhere Peptic ulcer Aspirin sensitivity - asthma

Question 48

What do anticoagulants do?

Answer 48

Prevent new thrombosis | Block clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)

Question 49

What are anticoagulants used in?

Answer 49

DVT PE NSTEMI AF

Question 50

Side effects of anticoagulants

Answer 50

Haemorrhage anywhere

Question 50

What is rivaroxaban?

Answer 50

Factor X a inhibitor (Reversed by vitamin K) Da converts Prothrombin (II) to Thrombin (IIa)

Question 51

What is Dabigatran?

Answer 51

Thrombin (IIa) inhibitor

Question 52

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

Answer 52

Dissolve formed clot

Question 53

Examples of fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 53

Streptokinase | Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

Question 54

When are fibrinolytic drugs used?

Answer 54

``` STEMI PE (selected cases only) CVA (selected cases only) ```

Question 55

Side effects of fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 55

Haemorrhage (serious risk)

Question 56

When should fibrinolytic drugs be avoided

Answer 56

``` Recent haemorrhage (some CVAs) Trauma Bleeding tendencies Severe diabetic retinopathy Peptic ulcer ```

Question 57

What are the 2 types of anti cholesterol drugs?

Answer 57

Statins | Fibrates

Question 58

Example of a statin

Answer 58

Simvastatin

Question 59

What do statins do?

Answer 59

Blocks HMG CoA reductase

Question 60

What are stats used in?

Answer 60

``` Hypercholestrolaemia Diabetes Angina/MI CVA/TIA High risk of MI and CVA ```

Question 61

Side effects of statins

Answer 61

Myopathy Rhabdomyolysis Renal failure

Question 62

Example of fibrates

Answer 62

Bezafibrate

Question 63

What are fibrates used in?

Answer 63

Hypertriglyceridaemia | low HDL cholestrol

Question 64

Anti arrhythmic drugs used in supraventricular arrhythmias (e.g. SVT)

Answer 64

Adenosine in acute phase

Question 65

Drugs used in Ventricular/Supraventricular Arrhthymias

Answer 65

Amiodarone Beta blockers Flecainide

Question 66

Side effects of anti arrhythmic drugs

Answer 66

Phototoxicity Pulmonary fibrosis Thyroid abnormalities (Hypo or Hyper)

Question 67

What are the 2 effects of digoxin?

Answer 67

Blocks AV node conduction (A-V conduction delay) | Increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

Question 68

Signs of digoxin toxicity

Answer 68

``` Nausea/vomiting Yellow vision Brady cardia Heart block Ventricular arrhythmias ```

Question 69

What is digoxin used to treat?

Answer 69

AF