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AY Cardiovascular > Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Non-invasive investigation of lower limb ischaemia?

A

Measurement of ABPI

Duplex ultrasound scanning

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2
Q

Invasive investigations for lower limb ischaemia?

A

Magnetic resonance angiography
CT angiography
Catheter angiography

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3
Q

How do you calculate ABPI?

A

Ankle pressure / brachial pressure

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4
Q

What treatment and advice can slow the progression of lower limb ischaemia?

A 
SMOKING 
Lipid lowering 
Anitplatelets 
Hypertension 
Diabetes 
Life style issues
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5
Q

What treatment can be used to improve the symptoms of claudication?

A

Exercise training
Drugs
Angioplasty/stenting
Surgery

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6
Q

Symptoms of critical limb ischaemia

A 
Pain at rest 
Toes and forefoot 
Requires strong analgesia 
Worse at night 
Helped by putting leg in a dependent position 
Helped by getting up and walking about
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7
Q

2 main risk factors for amputation

A

Smoking

Diabetes

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8
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

When insufficient blood reaches exercising muscle

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9
Q

What is the typical presentation of intermittent claudication?

A

Patient is pain free at rest but after variable periods of exercise develops ischaemic pain

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9
Q

What are the 2 parallel venous systems in the legs?

A 
Deep system (tibials, popliteal, femoral)
Superficial system (sap heinous and perforators)
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10
Q

Risk factors for varicose veins

A

Age
Pregnancy
Obesity
Family History

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11
Q

Investigation for varicose veins

A

Duplex scanning

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13
Q

Complications of varicose veins

A 
Bleeding & bruising 
Superficial thrombophlebitis 
Chronic venous insufficiency 
Ulceration 
Haemosiderin deposits 
Lipodermatosclerosis
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14
Q

Management of varicose veins

A 
Compression (stockings/bandage) 
Endovenous (duplex guided) 
- foam sclerotherapy 
- ablation 
Surgical
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15
Q

When is graduated compression contraindicated in varicose veins?

A

Patients with low ABPI

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16
Q

Complications of interventions in varicose veins

A 
Thrombophlebitis 
Skin staining 
Local ulceration 
Wound infection 
Nerve damage 
'Recurrence'

AY Cardiovascular (28 decks)

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