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AY Cardiovascular > ECG's > Flashcards

ECG's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

Masks atrial repolarisation

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2
Q

What is the T wave?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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3
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

Largely AV node delay

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4
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

Ventricular systole

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5
Q

What is the TP interval?

A

Diastole

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6
Q

What does positive deflection in an ECG mean?

A

Depolarisation towards electrode

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7
Q

What does negative deflection in an ECG mean?

A

Depolarisation away from electrode

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8
Q

What is the paper speed of an ECG?

A

25 mm per second

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9
Q

Which limb is aVR looking from?

A

Right arm

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10
Q

Which limb is aVL looking from?

A

Left arm

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11
Q

Which limb is aVF looking from?

A

Left leg

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12
Q

Where is V1 placed?

A

Right sternal edge

4th intercostal space

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13
Q

Where is V2 placed?

A

Left sternal edge

4th intercostal space

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14
Q

Where is V3 placed?

A

Halfway between V2 & V4

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15
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

Apex beat (5th intercostal space midclavicular line)

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16
Q

Where is V5 placed?

A

Anterior axillary line (inline with V4)

17
Q

Where is V6 placed?

A

Mid axillary line (inline with V4)

18
Q

What does right axis deviation look like on an ECG and what does it suggest?

A

Downward deflection in lead I
Positive upward deflection in lead III

Right ventricle hypertrophy

19
Q

What does left axis deviation look like and what does it suggest?

A

QRS becomes negative in lead II & lead III

Left ventricular hypertrophy

20
Q

How to analyse ECG?

A
  1. Is electrical activity present?
  2. Is the rhythm regular or irregular?
  3. What is the heart rate?
  4. P waves present?
  5. Is each P wave followed by a QRS?
  6. Is the QRS duration normal?
  7. Look at individual leads for changes or ST or T-wave changes
21
Q

What does sinus arrhythmia look like on an ECG?

A

Most common type of benign rhythm
Common in children
Fluctuates with inspiration (HR increases) & expiration (HR decreases)

22
Q

What does sinus exit block look like on an ECG?

A

Blocked sinus impulses
Sinus is firing on schedule but tissues around SA node isn’t carrying the impulse
Seriousness - depends on frequency & duration of blocks

23
Q

What does Sinus arrest (a.k.a. sinus pause) look like on an ECG?

A

SA node doesn’t fire

AV junction will assume control of the heart

24
Q

What does SVT look like on an ECG?

A

170-230 bpm

Narrow QRS complex

25
Q

What does AF look like on an ECG?

A

Absent P waves

26
Q

What does atrial flutter look like on an ECG?

A

Sawtooth baseline

27
Q

What does first degree heart block look like on an ECG?

A

Prolonged transmission of electrical impulse through AV junction

Prolonged PR interval (more than 20 secs)

Husband comes home late every night, but he always comes home and it is at the same time every night

28
Q

What does Mobitz type I look like on an ECG?

A

Cyclic and progressive conduction delay through AV junction

Prolonged PR then dropped QRS

Husband sometimes comes home later and later till one night he doesn’t come at all

29
Q

What does Mobitz type II look like on an ECG?

A

Intermittent block below AV node

Fixed PR interval

Husband sometimes comes home but sometimes doesn’t
When he comes home it is always at the same time
(Needs counselling)

30
Q

What does 3rd degree heart block (complete heart block) look like on an ECG?

A

Husband and wife are now on separate schedules and are no longer talking.
(Frequently requires counselling)

31
Q

What does ventricular tachycardia look like on an ECG?

A

Haemodynamically compromise due to minimal ventricular filling time and absence of atrial kick

Tends to transition into VF

Looks like loads of mountains

32
Q

What does VF look like on an ECG?

A

No cardiac output
Coarse VF = amplitude > 3mm
Fine VF = amplitude

33
Q

What is the P wave?

A

Atrial depolarisation

34
Q

Typical ECG finding of VF

A

Random irregular rhythm
No visible P waves or QRS complexes
Wandering baseline

35
Q

How long should the PR interval be normally?

A

0.2 secs

AY Cardiovascular (28 decks)

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