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AY Cardiovascular > ECG's > Flashcards

ECG's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

Masks atrial repolarisation

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2
Q

What is the T wave?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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3
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

Largely AV node delay

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4
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

Ventricular systole

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5
Q

What is the TP interval?

A

Diastole

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6
Q

What does positive deflection in an ECG mean?

A

Depolarisation towards electrode

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7
Q

What does negative deflection in an ECG mean?

A

Depolarisation away from electrode

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8
Q

What is the paper speed of an ECG?

A

25 mm per second

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9
Q

Which limb is aVR looking from?

A

Right arm

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10
Q

Which limb is aVL looking from?

A

Left arm

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11
Q

Which limb is aVF looking from?

A

Left leg

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12
Q

Where is V1 placed?

A

Right sternal edge

4th intercostal space

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13
Q

Where is V2 placed?

A

Left sternal edge

4th intercostal space

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14
Q

Where is V3 placed?

A

Halfway between V2 & V4

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15
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

Apex beat (5th intercostal space midclavicular line)

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16
Q

Where is V5 placed?

A

Anterior axillary line (inline with V4)

17
Q

Where is V6 placed?

A

Mid axillary line (inline with V4)

18
Q

What does right axis deviation look like on an ECG and what does it suggest?

A

Downward deflection in lead I
Positive upward deflection in lead III

Right ventricle hypertrophy

19
Q

What does left axis deviation look like and what does it suggest?

A

QRS becomes negative in lead II & lead III

Left ventricular hypertrophy

20
Q

How to analyse ECG?

A
  1. Is electrical activity present?
  2. Is the rhythm regular or irregular?
  3. What is the heart rate?
  4. P waves present?
  5. Is each P wave followed by a QRS?
  6. Is the QRS duration normal?
  7. Look at individual leads for changes or ST or T-wave changes
21
Q

What does sinus arrhythmia look like on an ECG?

A

Most common type of benign rhythm
Common in children
Fluctuates with inspiration (HR increases) & expiration (HR decreases)

22
Q

What does sinus exit block look like on an ECG?

A

Blocked sinus impulses
Sinus is firing on schedule but tissues around SA node isn’t carrying the impulse
Seriousness - depends on frequency & duration of blocks

23
Q

What does Sinus arrest (a.k.a. sinus pause) look like on an ECG?

A

SA node doesn’t fire

AV junction will assume control of the heart

24
Q

What does SVT look like on an ECG?

A

170-230 bpm

Narrow QRS complex

25
What does AF look like on an ECG?
Absent P waves
26
What does atrial flutter look like on an ECG?
Sawtooth baseline
27
What does first degree heart block look like on an ECG?
Prolonged transmission of electrical impulse through AV junction Prolonged PR interval (more than 20 secs) Husband comes home late every night, but he always comes home and it is at the same time every night
28
What does Mobitz type I look like on an ECG?
Cyclic and progressive conduction delay through AV junction Prolonged PR then dropped QRS Husband sometimes comes home later and later till one night he doesn't come at all
29
What does Mobitz type II look like on an ECG?
Intermittent block below AV node Fixed PR interval Husband sometimes comes home but sometimes doesn't When he comes home it is always at the same time (Needs counselling)
30
What does 3rd degree heart block (complete heart block) look like on an ECG?
Husband and wife are now on separate schedules and are no longer talking. (Frequently requires counselling)
31
What does ventricular tachycardia look like on an ECG?
Haemodynamically compromise due to minimal ventricular filling time and absence of atrial kick Tends to transition into VF Looks like loads of mountains
32
What does VF look like on an ECG?
No cardiac output Coarse VF = amplitude > 3mm Fine VF = amplitude
33
What is the P wave?
Atrial depolarisation
34
Typical ECG finding of VF
Random irregular rhythm No visible P waves or QRS complexes Wandering baseline
35
How long should the PR interval be normally?
0.2 secs

AY Cardiovascular (28 decks)

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