Heart Failure Flashcards
Symptoms of LVF
Dyspnoea
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Pulmonary oedema (sudden pink frothy sputum)
Signs of LVF
Tachycardia
Fine crepitayioms
Pleural effusion
3rd heart sound (gallop rhythm)
Signs of LVF on CXR
Cardiomegaly
ABCDE of pulmonary oedema
Interstitial fluid
Symptoms of RVF
Dyspnoea Ankle oedema Fatigue Urinatinf more frequently at night Palpitations
Signs of RVF
Oedema (ankle/sacral)
Raised JVP
Heptomegaly
Ascites
Findings of RVF on a CXR
Normal
Treatment of heart failure caused by cor pulmonae
Diuretics and oxygen
Treatment of heart failure caused by valvular disease
Surgery ideally
Treatment of heart failure caused by fast AF
Digoxin or DC shock
Main causes of left sided heart failure
Ischaemia heart disease (MI’s)
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular disease
Main causes of right sided heart failure
Secondary to left sided heart failure
Cor pulmonae
Congenital heart disease
What is the NYHA classification of heart failure
1 - heart disease present but no undue dyspnoea from ordinary activity
2 - comfortable at rest, dyspnoea on ordinary activities
3 - less than ordinary activity causes dyspnoea which is limiting
4 - dyspnoea present at rest, all activity causes discomfort
First line treatment for heart failure with PRESERVED ejection fraction
Loop diuretic (thiazide only in mild CCF) Manage contributory conditions
Treatment of NYHA class 2 heart failure
Loop diuretic ACE inhibitor (ARB if intolerant) Beta-blocker (ivabradine if intolerant)
First line treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Loop diuretic
ACE inhibitor
