Values Flashcards
values
- what’s desirable to you
- Goldsmith: “principles guiding behaviour”
- Deacon and Firebaugh: “meanings that indicate what is desirable and has worth to the manager”
values vs. attitudes
- Values:
- Relatively enduring
- Broad, abstract goals that lack a specific referent
- Attitudes:
- Learned, somewhat more likely to change
- Have specific referent (ex. Starbucks)
- Likes/dislikes
why are values important in management?
1) Give stability and continuity to management decisions
2) Help us to clarify and rank our goals
3) Value chains (families build shared commitment based on shared values guiding behaviours) -> Ex. Having team-building activities (?)
types of values
- absolute and relative
- intrinsic and extrinsic
- traditional, personal, and professional
- instrumental and terminal
absolute and relative values
- Absolute:
- Extreme, specific direction for action
- Independent of surroundings
- Not responsive to new situations
- Reduces alternatives
- Relative:
- General direction for action
- Interpreted in context of surrounding conditions
- Responsive to new situations
- Increases alternatives
intrinsic and extrinsic
- Intrinsic: internally motivated
- Extrinsic: externally motivated (through awards, money, etc.)
traditional, personal, and professional
- Traditional: dominant belief system in your culture (ex. what brides wear at weddings)
- Personal: your own personal values (ex. serving the community)
- Professional: ethical considerations (ex. honesty, integrity)
instrumental and terminal
- instrumental:
- modes of conduct, ways you behave
- terminal:
- end state; your goals in life
Example of absolute values
- Amish
- Their values give them specific ways to act (ex. Not using technology); they’re independent of surroundings (they’d act this way anywhere), they’re not responsive to new situations, and their values reduce their alternatives
- Ex. Value of forgiveness – some dude killed Amish people then committed suicide, and the Amish people forgave him and reached out to his wife and went to his funeral
Example of generational values
- Baby boomers, Millennials
- The generations aren’t always stable – their values can change over time
Example of value changes
Astronauts
value orientation
- person’s internally integrated system; expressed in part in the way he or she makes judgments
- Judgments are based on value meanings derived from his or her feelings (affective domain) and thinking (cognitive domain) about events, situations, groups of people, and things
behaviour
what people actually do -> actions
how can values change?
- Family or societal upset
- Technological, economic, and cultural changes
- Dramatic events such as war, famine, or disease
- Environmental threats
cultural values
Generally held conceptualizations of what is right or wrong in a culture or what is preferred (ex. Customs, manners, gestures)
