Managing Human Needs Flashcards
change
- cause to be different, to alter, or to transform
- internal vs. external
internal vs. external change
- Internal change: originates within the family (ie. Births, marriage, divorce, death)
- External change: fostered by society or the outer environment (ie. Recessions, mobility/moving away, migration)
adaptability vs. management
- adaptability: ability to cope with change
- management: adapting to the opportunities and demands of life
adaptability required coordination of
- The work or task
- The people
- The formal organization
- The informal organization
traditional vs. new definition of disability
- Traditional definition: Difficulty or impairment due to a long-term condition or health problem
- New definition: Experiencing a limitation (sometimes, often, or always) in their daily activities
prevalence of disability by type
- Pain – 9.7
- Flexibility – 7.6
- Mobility – 7.2
statistics about disability
- Prevalence of disability rises with age (doubles at age 65); women are at higher rates at all ages
- Over one-quarter of persons with disabilities classified as having a very severe disability
- More than 8 out of 10 persons with disabilities use aids and assistive devices
resources for people with disabilities
- Employment
- Income support (ie. Canada Pension Plan disability benefits, worker’s compensation)
- Home renovation and other adaptive support
- Government tax credits and investment
- Skills upgrade
- Disability insurance, registered disability savings plan
autistic people in the workforce
- 1% of workforce
- Job performance high, absenteeism half of typical worker, retention twice as high as typical worker
employment vs. unemployment rates for people with disabilities
- Employment rate:
- With disability: 47.9%
- Without disability: 73.6%
- Unemployment rate:
- With disability: 13.8% (almost double the without disability rate)
- Without disability: 7.2%
perceptions of people with disabilities in the workforce
- Feel disadvantaged
- Feels employer considers them disadvantaged
- Refused a job, promotion, or interview
handicap
- disadvantage/barrier to opportunity or performance in a role (ex. social, educational) due to limitation in function
- Not the same as a disability
- A handicap can occur as a result of a disability, but a disability doesn’t always create a handicap (ie. A deaf person doesn’t have a handicap when it comes to sewing)
functional limitation
hindrance or negative effect in performance of household tasks or activities
poverty measures
- Countries use different ways of measuring poverty
- Ie. Collecting data on median income -> if you’re half of median or below, you’re in poverty
- This is a relative term -> it’s relative to others in the population
- You have to interpret info differently depending on which measure is used
transfer payments
Ex. Welfare, child tax credits, etc.
fatalism
A pessimistic viewpoint: Every day will be the same as the day before -> no way to escape poverty
resources of low income
- Earnings (taking on more jobs to move ahead)
- Welfare (social assistance)
- Assets
- Consumer credit (ie. Credit at the corner grocery store)
- Health services (due to Canada’s socialized healthcare)
- Human capital
- Community and social support (community centres with inexpensive leisure activity)
people who are most commonly on welfare (most to least)
- One parent, one child: 75%
- Disabled: 62%
- Two parent, two child: 61%
- Single, employable: 42%
Canadian poverty trends
- being unattached = higher poverty, families = lower poverty
- Unattached people <65 years: 27.7%
- Lone parent families: 18.7%
- Recent immigrants: 17.6%
- Off-reserve aboriginals: 15.2%
- Unattached people >65 years: 14.3%
- Persons with disabilities: 13.6%
- Families <65 years: 5.5%
- Families >65 years: 3.2%
focus of immigration
- To foster a strong, viable economy
- To reunite families
- To fulfill Canada’s humanitarian tradition with respect to refugees
economic class
- Skilled workers, professionals, trades
- Increased focus on skills, both occupational and language (need proof of credentials and abilities)
summary of immigrant’s lives
- Low earnings are common in early years, but catch up 5-10 years later
- Initial challenges in housing, language, healthcare are lack of credit history, transportation constraints, and lack of knowledge about the city
- After 4 years, concerns regarding housing affordability, waiting lists for healthcare, and financial and time constraints of training are similar to those facing Canadians in general
family changes due to immigration
- transnational families
- youth as translators, role changers
transnational families
- Family reunification or support across national boundaries (ie. VISAs, sending money, compassionate care leave)
- Astronaut families and parachute kids
youth as translators
- Occurs because youth:
- Learn English faster than their parents
- Are immersed in the new culture at school/university
- Have become bilingual and bi-cultural
- Parents recognize children’s ability, and rely on them because other translation sources are not available or as convenient
- Children as young as 8 are translators
- Estimate: up to 90% serve as translators at some time
translator’s topics
- Education
- Health/medical
- Commercial/shopping
- Cultural/entertainment
- Legal/government
- Financial
- Employment
- Housing/residential
youth as translators: positive outcomes
- Help their family and know that they are important to their family.
- Enjoy doing it.
- Proud of their abilities.
- Feel more self-confident.
- Respect for parents is enhanced when parents express gratitude.
- Improved educational achievement on standard test scores.
- Increase their knowledge and their parents’ knowledge about Canadian institutions, fostering acculturation
youth as translators: negative outcomes
- Role added on to an already busy schedule
- Stressed, burdened, overwhelmed
- Afraid they will make errors
- Decreased parental authority because roles are reversed.
- Greater parent-child conflicts.
- Poorer psychological health when children have strong obligations and view parents as controlling
- the more the child is used as a translator, the more negative effects they feel
why is it a bad idea to use kids as translators?
- Children aren’t trained for translator role
- Less knowledge of language and culture than people they are dealing with
- Child’s translation may not be accurate
- Present parents’ information in a more acceptable way and may not answer questions that seem too intrusive (save face)
- Youth may know more than the parent would like them to about health or finances
