Managing Human Needs

Question 1

change

Answer 1

• cause to be different, to alter, or to transform

- internal vs. external

Question 2

internal vs. external change

Answer 2

• Internal change: originates within the family (ie. Births, marriage, divorce, death)
• External change: fostered by society or the outer environment (ie. Recessions, mobility/moving away, migration)

Question 3

adaptability vs. management

Answer 3

• adaptability: ability to cope with change

- management: adapting to the opportunities and demands of life

Question 4

adaptability required coordination of

Answer 4

• The work or task
• The people
• The formal organization
• The informal organization

Question 5

traditional vs. new definition of disability

Answer 5

• Traditional definition: Difficulty or impairment due to a long-term condition or health problem
• New definition: Experiencing a limitation (sometimes, often, or always) in their daily activities

Question 6

prevalence of disability by type

Answer 6

• Pain – 9.7
• Flexibility – 7.6
• Mobility – 7.2

Question 7

statistics about disability

Answer 7

• Prevalence of disability rises with age (doubles at age 65); women are at higher rates at all ages
• Over one-quarter of persons with disabilities classified as having a very severe disability
• More than 8 out of 10 persons with disabilities use aids and assistive devices

Question 8

resources for people with disabilities

Answer 8

• Employment
• Income support (ie. Canada Pension Plan disability benefits, worker’s compensation)
• Home renovation and other adaptive support
• Government tax credits and investment
• Skills upgrade
• Disability insurance, registered disability savings plan

Question 9

autistic people in the workforce

Answer 9

• 1% of workforce

- Job performance high, absenteeism half of typical worker, retention twice as high as typical worker

Question 10

employment vs. unemployment rates for people with disabilities

Answer 10

• Employment rate:
• • With disability: 47.9%
• • Without disability: 73.6%
• Unemployment rate:
• • With disability: 13.8% (almost double the without disability rate)
• • Without disability: 7.2%

Question 11

perceptions of people with disabilities in the workforce

Answer 11

• Feel disadvantaged
• Feels employer considers them disadvantaged
• Refused a job, promotion, or interview

Question 12

handicap

Answer 12

• disadvantage/barrier to opportunity or performance in a role (ex. social, educational) due to limitation in function
• Not the same as a disability
• A handicap can occur as a result of a disability, but a disability doesn’t always create a handicap (ie. A deaf person doesn’t have a handicap when it comes to sewing)

Question 13

functional limitation

Answer 13

hindrance or negative effect in performance of household tasks or activities

Question 14

poverty measures

Answer 14

• Countries use different ways of measuring poverty
• Ie. Collecting data on median income -> if you’re half of median or below, you’re in poverty
• This is a relative term -> it’s relative to others in the population
• You have to interpret info differently depending on which measure is used

Question 15

transfer payments

Answer 15

Ex. Welfare, child tax credits, etc.

Question 16

fatalism

Answer 16

A pessimistic viewpoint: Every day will be the same as the day before -> no way to escape poverty

Question 17

resources of low income

Answer 17

• Earnings (taking on more jobs to move ahead)
• Welfare (social assistance)
• Assets
• Consumer credit (ie. Credit at the corner grocery store)
• Health services (due to Canada’s socialized healthcare)
• Human capital
• Community and social support (community centres with inexpensive leisure activity)

Question 18

people who are most commonly on welfare (most to least)

Answer 18

• One parent, one child: 75%
• Disabled: 62%
• Two parent, two child: 61%
• Single, employable: 42%

Question 19

Canadian poverty trends

Answer 19

• being unattached = higher poverty, families = lower poverty
• Unattached people <65 years: 27.7%
• Lone parent families: 18.7%
• Recent immigrants: 17.6%
• Off-reserve aboriginals: 15.2%
• Unattached people >65 years: 14.3%
• Persons with disabilities: 13.6%
• Families <65 years: 5.5%
• Families >65 years: 3.2%

Question 20

focus of immigration

Answer 20

• To foster a strong, viable economy
• To reunite families
• To fulfill Canada’s humanitarian tradition with respect to refugees

Question 21

economic class

Answer 21

• Skilled workers, professionals, trades

- Increased focus on skills, both occupational and language (need proof of credentials and abilities)

Question 22

summary of immigrant’s lives

Answer 22

• Low earnings are common in early years, but catch up 5-10 years later
• Initial challenges in housing, language, healthcare are lack of credit history, transportation constraints, and lack of knowledge about the city
• After 4 years, concerns regarding housing affordability, waiting lists for healthcare, and financial and time constraints of training are similar to those facing Canadians in general

Question 23

family changes due to immigration

Answer 23

• transnational families

- youth as translators, role changers

Question 24

transnational families

Answer 24

• Family reunification or support across national boundaries (ie. VISAs, sending money, compassionate care leave)
• Astronaut families and parachute kids

Question 25

youth as translators

Answer 25

• Occurs because youth:
• • Learn English faster than their parents
• • Are immersed in the new culture at school/university
• • Have become bilingual and bi-cultural
• • Parents recognize children’s ability, and rely on them because other translation sources are not available or as convenient
• Children as young as 8 are translators
• Estimate: up to 90% serve as translators at some time

Question 26

translator’s topics

Answer 26

• Education
• Health/medical
• Commercial/shopping
• Cultural/entertainment
• Legal/government
• Financial
• Employment
• Housing/residential

Question 27

youth as translators: positive outcomes

Answer 27

• Help their family and know that they are important to their family.
• Enjoy doing it.
• Proud of their abilities.
• Feel more self-confident.
• Respect for parents is enhanced when parents express gratitude.
• Improved educational achievement on standard test scores.
• Increase their knowledge and their parents’ knowledge about Canadian institutions, fostering acculturation

Question 28

youth as translators: negative outcomes

Answer 28

• Role added on to an already busy schedule
• Stressed, burdened, overwhelmed
• Afraid they will make errors
• Decreased parental authority because roles are reversed.
• Greater parent-child conflicts.
• Poorer psychological health when children have strong obligations and view parents as controlling
• the more the child is used as a translator, the more negative effects they feel

Question 29

why is it a bad idea to use kids as translators?

Answer 29

• Children aren’t trained for translator role
• Less knowledge of language and culture than people they are dealing with
• Child’s translation may not be accurate
• Present parents’ information in a more acceptable way and may not answer questions that seem too intrusive (save face)
• Youth may know more than the parent would like them to about health or finances