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Family Studies 238 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

stress

A
  • non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it
  • Defined culturally, personally (individual differences in interpretation and reaction), and by gender (women tend to report more stress than men)
  • Range from normal to prolonged stress
  • Some stress is a motivator, too much is debilitating
  • The more predictable stress is, the less stressful it is – if you’ve habituated to a source of stress, it’ll be less stressful
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2
Q

stressors

A
  • situations, events that cause stress

- Can be internal (self-generated), relational (relationship-related), environmental (the physical space)

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3
Q

types of stressors

A
  • Normative stressor events: normal, expected, we all have it
  • Non-normative stressor events: atypical, unexpected, unanticipated
  • Non-events and stress: anticipated event didn’t occur
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4
Q

what are top sources of stress?

A
  • Most stressful: too many demands/hours, little control
  • Middle: interpersonal relationships
  • Lower: risk of getting laid off (unless there’s a recession happening)
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5
Q

how occupation and scheduling predicts workplace stress

A
  • Self-employed report different stressors
  • Full-time workers report more stress
  • Rotating shift workers worry about accidents
  • Managers stress over hours
  • Primary industry workers stress about safety
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6
Q

sources of work stress

A
  • Workload
  • Work responsibilities
  • Work environment
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7
Q

when is work stress viewed as positive?

A
  • When workers…
    • Feel dedicated to their job
    • Have clear opportunity for personal growth
    • Feel valued and supported by the organization
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8
Q

gender differences in effective workplace coping

A
  • Men: planning and management to deal directly with the source of pressure/stress
  • Women: social support seeking (ie. Looking to others for instrumental and emotional support)
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9
Q

burnout

A
  • Overlap of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy
  • Symptoms:
    – Physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion
    – Depersonalization; insensitivity; feeling closed-off, callous, cynical, or hostile toward others
    – Helplessness or low feelings of accomplishment because efforts seem wasted
  • Typically felt by people in “helping” professions
    Indicates that a change is needed (can be attitudinal, new job, etc.)
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10
Q

types of stressors

A
  • traumatic events (ie. natural disasters)
  • life events
  • daily hassles
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11
Q

top 10 stressful events for adults (highest to lowest)

A
  • Death of spouse
  • Divorce
  • Marital separation
  • Imprisonment
  • Death of family member
  • Personal injury or illness
  • Marriage
  • Dismissal from work
  • Marital reconciliation
  • Retirement
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12
Q

top 10 stressful events for non-adults (highest to lowest)

A
  • Death of a parent
  • Unplanned pregnancy/abortion
  • Getting married
  • Divorce of parents
  • Acquiring visible deformity
  • Fathering a child
  • Jail sentence of parent
  • Marital separation of parents
  • Death of sibling
  • Change in acceptance by peers
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13
Q

Canadian life event data

A
  • Illness or injury of close friend/family is most common
  • 66% had one major stressful life event in 1 year
  • 25% had 2 major stressful life events
  • 16% had 3 or more stressful life events
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14
Q

how can you manage daily hassles?

A

by re-framing negative hassles into something more positive

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15
Q

stress and systems theory

A

stress comes from various sources (inputs) and has various outcomes (outputs)

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16
Q

gender differences in stress

A

Women react to more stressors than men and feel stressed more often

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17
Q

crises

A

events that require changes in normal patterns of behaviour; often initiate stress

18
Q

stress overload, pileup, and spillover

A

the cumulative effect of many stresses building up at one time

19
Q

ABCD-XYZ Resource Management Model of Stress

A
  • A: stressor event
  • B: coping resources
  • C: definition of situation
  • D: Demands of situation
  • X: crisis or stress
  • Y: cognitive coping and management
  • Z: adaptive behaviour
20
Q

outsourcing

A
  • paying someone else to do one’s work
  • Increasing due to 3 factors:
    • More women working
    • Older population
    • Bigger middle class (middle class are responsible for increasing trend)
21
Q

theory of comparative advantage

A

individuals and companies do best when they focus on activities they can add the most value to, and outsource the rest to specialists

22
Q

comfort zone

A

combination of habit and everyday expectations mixed with adventure and novelty; the space where stress level feels right

23
Q

domino effect

A

passing work stress on to family and onto individuals

24
Q

external vs. internal stress

A
  • External stress: stress is brought on from outside the individual
  • Internal stress: stress originating from one’s own mind/body (ex. Setting unrealistic standards for yourself, having body image issues, etc.)
25
Q

types of external stress

A
  • Acute major stress: result of a recent event (ie. Car accident, death of loved one)
  • Ongoing, role-oriented stress: caused by chronic difficulties in one’s work or family role
  • Lifetime trauma stress: result of severe trauma, such as exposure to war, natural disasters, or death of parents as a child
26
Q

Hans Selye

A
  • Father of stress research
  • Showed that there are 2 types of stress: eustress and distress
    • Eustress: beneficial stress (ie. Feeling excited or adventurous)
    • Distress: harmful stress (ie. Feeling anxious and afraid)
27
Q

psychological hardiness

A

having a sense of control over their lives and don’t fear change; suffer less in stressful situations

28
Q

3 C’s of Stress Resiliency

A

Commitment, control, and challenge

29
Q

theory of adaptive range

A

some change is vital to everyone’s health and well-being

30
Q

stages of body response to stress

A
  • Alarm reaction: body prepares to react to stressful event (fight-or-flight takes place, pupils widen, heart races, etc.)
  • Resistance: body adapts to the demand
  • Exhaustion: danger has passed and person feels tired and is susceptible to illness
31
Q

who tends to seek help for stress management?

A
  • People who aren’t super stressed, but are health conscious and want to prevent it
  • People who are distressed, angry, or depressed
  • People with medical problems related to stress
32
Q

type A vs. type B personality

A
  • Type A: striving behaviour, high job involvement, impatience, competitiveness, desire for control and power, aggressiveness, and hostility (more likely to experience stress, but don’t internalize it)
  • Type B: more relaxed, easygoing, reflective, and cooperative (less likely to experience stress, but internalize it)
33
Q

2 types of coping

A
  • Problem-focused: attempts to change the stressful relationships, behaviours, and environments
  • Emotion-focused: focuses on regulating the emotional distress caused by the harm or threat
34
Q

job stress

A
  • harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the demands of the job don’t fit the worker
  • Experienced most by low-level workers with little control
35
Q

Karoshi

A

Japanese word meaning “death by overwork”

36
Q

extreme work

A

jobs that require 60+ hour workweek, or jobs that require lots of travel or a 24/7 on-call schedule

37
Q

brownout

A

predecessor to burnout; fatigue and irritability show up, eating and sleeping patterns may be disturbed, cynicism and indecision set in, and if nothing changes, burnout will result

38
Q

children and stress

A
  • Children can experience stress too, and rely on adults to teach them coping mechanisms
  • Children are stressed about the grown-ups in their lives, about global things such as war, and because they’re being forced to take on too many responsibilities and grow up too fast
39
Q

adolescents/young adults and stress

A
  • High school and college students can also suffer from burnout
  • Time-managing behaviours good at reducing stress
    • Female undergrads better at this than males
  • Women have higher academic stress and anxiety
40
Q

fatigue vs. insomnia vs. chronic fatigue syndrome

A
  • fatigue: lack of energy or motivation and a strong desire to stop, rest, or sleep; is not always related to stress
  • insomnia: perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep
  • chronic fatigue syndrome: debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and can be worsened by physical or mental activity
41
Q

REM vs. non-REM sleep

A
  • REM: rapid eye movement sleep (light sleep, dreaming)

- NREM: inactive, deep sleep

42
Q

sleep hygiene

A

promotion of regular sleep

Family Studies 238 (15 decks)

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