Vaginal Cytology Flashcards
What are the types of epithelial cells?
basal cells, parabasal cells, intermediated cells, superficial cells
What are the youngest cells of the vaginal epithelium?
basal cells
Where do basal cells live?
along basement membrane, hardly seen in cytology
What are the smallest cells of the vaginal epithelium?
parabasal cells
What are the oldest cells of the vaginal epithelium?
superficial cells
What are the four stages of the estrous cycle?
proestrous, estrous, diestrous, anestrous
What hormonal changes does a bitch have during proestrous?
increase in estrogen
What hormonal changes does a bitch have during estrous?
decrease in estrogen, increase in progesterone
How does a bitch behave during estrous?
stands to be bred
What is the interval between successive estrous cycles?
7 months
What hormonal changes does a bitch have during diestrous?
increase in progesterone
What hormonal changes does a bitch have during anestrous?
decrease in progesterone if not pregnant
What cells are seen during proestrous?
nondegenerative neutrophils, parabasal cell, intermediate cell, superficial cell, bacteria, RBCs
What is the main cell that is looked for during proestrous?
red blood cells
What cells are seen during estrous?
90% superficial cells, <5% parabasal/intermediate cells, bacteria
What is the main cell that is looked for during estrous?
(fully) cornified superficial cells
What cells are seen during diestrous?
superficial cells decrease to 70% and continue to decrease to 20%, neutrophils
What cells are seen during anestrous?
parabasal cells and intermediate cells
What are the clinical signs of vaginitis?
mucoid to purulent discharge, pollakiuria (polyuria), licking at vulva
Vaginitis can occur regardless of ____________________________.
animals age, breed, or reproductive status
Vaginitis is secondary to _________________.
vaginal anomalies
What is the second most common form of reproductive neoplasia?
vaginal neoplasia
What is the average age of occurrence of vaginal neoplasia?
9 years
What is the most common form of reproductive neoplasia?
mammary neoplasia
During which phase will the bitch stand to be bred?
estrous
Why do we perform a semen collection?
as a prelude to AI, assess potential fertility, provide diagnostic information
What does normal sperm look like?
milky and moderately viscous
What does hemospermia look like?
red/pink color
What does urine contaminated sperm look like?
yellow color
Why would sperm look serous, greenish, or grayish?
inflammation
Normal semen should be ____% motile.
70%
How should a semen sample be viewed?
observe under 40x
What is the most commonly used stain for sperm morphology?
nigrosin-eosin stain
How does dead sperm appear when stained with nigrosin-eosin stain?
dead sperm appear pink
What are some abnormalities that can be seen in sperm?
misshapen head, double headed sperm, detached head, bent tail or midpiece, coiled tail +/- droplets
Which testicular tumor is benign?
Sertoli-Cell tumors
Which testicular tumors are malignant?
Seminomas and Interstitial Cell tumors
What is the rate of metastasis of Sertoli-Cell tumors?
less than 10%
Metastasis is extremely ______ in Interstitial Cell tumors.
rare
