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Clinical Lab Procedures > Vaginal Cytology > Flashcards

Vaginal Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of epithelial cells?

A

basal cells, parabasal cells, intermediated cells, superficial cells

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2
Q

What are the youngest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

A

basal cells

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3
Q

Where do basal cells live?

A

along basement membrane, hardly seen in cytology

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4
Q

What are the smallest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

A

parabasal cells

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5
Q

What are the oldest cells of the vaginal epithelium?

A

superficial cells

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6
Q

What are the four stages of the estrous cycle?

A

proestrous, estrous, diestrous, anestrous

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7
Q

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during proestrous?

A

increase in estrogen

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8
Q

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during estrous?

A

decrease in estrogen, increase in progesterone

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9
Q

How does a bitch behave during estrous?

A

stands to be bred

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10
Q

What is the interval between successive estrous cycles?

A

7 months

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11
Q

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during diestrous?

A

increase in progesterone

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12
Q

What hormonal changes does a bitch have during anestrous?

A

decrease in progesterone if not pregnant

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13
Q

What cells are seen during proestrous?

A

nondegenerative neutrophils, parabasal cell, intermediate cell, superficial cell, bacteria, RBCs

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14
Q

What is the main cell that is looked for during proestrous?

A

red blood cells

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15
Q

What cells are seen during estrous?

A

90% superficial cells, <5% parabasal/intermediate cells, bacteria

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16
Q

What is the main cell that is looked for during estrous?

A

(fully) cornified superficial cells

17
Q

What cells are seen during diestrous?

A

superficial cells decrease to 70% and continue to decrease to 20%, neutrophils

18
Q

What cells are seen during anestrous?

A

parabasal cells and intermediate cells

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of vaginitis?

A

mucoid to purulent discharge, pollakiuria (polyuria), licking at vulva

20
Q

Vaginitis can occur regardless of ____________________________.

A

animals age, breed, or reproductive status

21
Q

Vaginitis is secondary to _________________.

A

vaginal anomalies

22
Q

What is the second most common form of reproductive neoplasia?

A

vaginal neoplasia

23
Q

What is the average age of occurrence of vaginal neoplasia?

A

9 years

24
Q

What is the most common form of reproductive neoplasia?

A

mammary neoplasia

25
Q

During which phase will the bitch stand to be bred?

A

estrous

26
Q

Why do we perform a semen collection?

A

as a prelude to AI, assess potential fertility, provide diagnostic information

27
Q

What does normal sperm look like?

A

milky and moderately viscous

28
Q

What does hemospermia look like?

A

red/pink color

29
Q

What does urine contaminated sperm look like?

A

yellow color

30
Q

Why would sperm look serous, greenish, or grayish?

A

inflammation

31
Q

Normal semen should be ____% motile.

A

70%

32
Q

How should a semen sample be viewed?

A

observe under 40x

33
Q

What is the most commonly used stain for sperm morphology?

A

nigrosin-eosin stain

34
Q

How does dead sperm appear when stained with nigrosin-eosin stain?

A

dead sperm appear pink

35
Q

What are some abnormalities that can be seen in sperm?

A

misshapen head, double headed sperm, detached head, bent tail or midpiece, coiled tail +/- droplets

36
Q

Which testicular tumor is benign?

A

Sertoli-Cell tumors

37
Q

Which testicular tumors are malignant?

A

Seminomas and Interstitial Cell tumors

38
Q

What is the rate of metastasis of Sertoli-Cell tumors?

A

less than 10%

39
Q

Metastasis is extremely ______ in Interstitial Cell tumors.

A

rare

Clinical Lab Procedures (13 decks)

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