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Clinical Lab Procedures > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

transports, controls water and pH, maintains body temperature, and regulates electrolytes

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2
Q

What does blood transport?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide, waste products, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, plasma proteins (fibrinogen), and toxins

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3
Q

What is normal blood pH range?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

How does blood regulate electrolytes?

A

excessive salt is sent to renal system and expelled from body

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5
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, plasma/serum

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6
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

Where are RBC’s produced?

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

What is the function of RBC’s?

A

carries oxygen and waste from tissues

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9
Q

What do RBC contain?

A

hemoglobin

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10
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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11
Q

Where are WBC’s produced?

A

bone marrow

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12
Q

In a blood sample, where can WBC’s be found?

A

buffy coat

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13
Q

Where do WBC’s circulate?

A

the blood and lymphatic system

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14
Q

What are the five different types of leukocytes?

A

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes

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15
Q

What does a high WBC count mean?

A

infection

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16
Q

What does a low WBC count mean?

A

bone marrow deficiency and viral disease

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17
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

platelets

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18
Q

What are thrombocytes produced by?

A

megakarocyte

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19
Q

What do thrombocytes control?

A

bleeding, helps to clot blood

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20
Q

What is plasma?

A

straw colored fluid in which the blood cells are floating

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21
Q

What does plasma contain that differentiates it from serum?

A

protein

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22
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

90% water and 10% solutes

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23
Q

What electrolytes are in plasma?

A

K, Ca, Cl, and Na

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24
Q

What does plasma do (besides help clotting)?

A

helps maintain body temperature by transporting blood cells and maintain pH

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25
Q

What is serum?

A

plasma without protein

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26
Q

What produces fibrinogen?

A

produced in the liver

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27
Q

How are CBC’s preformed?

A

manually or by automated analyzers

28
Q

What does a CBC consist of?

A

RBC count, PCV, TP, WBC count, reticulocytes, HgB concentration, RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), and blood smear

29
Q

What is complete RBC count?

A

estimated number of RBC in circulating blood

30
Q

What is PCV?

A

the proportion of blood that is occupied by RBC

31
Q

What is TP?

A

the measurement of all the plasma proteins in blood

32
Q

What does TP determine?

A

how well the liver in performing it’s job of making the protein

33
Q

High TP = _____ water intake

A

low

34
Q

Low TP = _____ water intake

A

high

35
Q

What is a complete WBC count?

A

estimate of WBCs on circulating blood

36
Q

What is a blood smear?

A

smear of blood on a slide that enables us to grossly examine the cells

37
Q

What is a reticulocyte count?

A

number of immature RBCs in circulating blood, not performed unless indicated to do so

38
Q

What is HgB concentration?

A

how much HgB is in one RBC

39
Q

What are RBC indices?

A

indicate degree of anemia in patient

40
Q

What 5 parts does a spun down hematocrit tube have?

A

meniscus, plasma, buffy coat, packed RBC, clay

41
Q

What is a dog’s normal PCV?

A

35-55%

42
Q

What is a cat’s normal PCV?

A

30-45%

43
Q

What is a dog and cat’s normal TP?

A

6-7.4g/dL

44
Q

What proteins can be found in plasma?

A

fibrinogen, albumin, and globulin

45
Q

What % of TP is made up of Albumin?

A

35-50%

46
Q

What % of TP in made up of Globulin?

A

~35%

47
Q

What % of TP is made up of fibrinogen?

A

3-6%

48
Q

What is hemoglobin made up of?

A

4 parts iron and 1 part protein

49
Q

What is the formula to calculate HgB concentration?

A

PCV/3

50
Q

What is the formula to calculate RBC count?

A

PCV/6

51
Q

What is the formula to calculate MCV?

A

PCV/RBC count x 10

52
Q

What is microcytic?

A

low MCV cells

53
Q

What is macrocytic?

A

high MCV cells

54
Q

Normocytic

A

normal MCV cells

55
Q

What is the formula to calculate MCH?

A

HgB/RBC count x 10

56
Q

What units is MCV measured in?

A

femtoliter (fl)

57
Q

What units is MCH measured in?

A

picograms (pg)

58
Q

What is MCV?

A

measure of the average size of the erythrocytes

59
Q

What is MCH?

A

measure of the average weight of hemoglobin contained in the average RBC

60
Q

What is MCHC?

A

measure of the concentration of HgB in the average RBC

61
Q

What is the formula to calculate MCHC?

A

HgB/PCV x 100

62
Q

What units is MCHC measured in?

A

g/dL

63
Q

What is hypochromic?

A

MCHC is below normal (less than average concentration of HgB)

64
Q

What is hyperchromatic?

A

MCHC is above normal (more than average concentration of HgB)

65
Q

What is normochromic?

A

MCHC is normal (normal concentration of HgB)

66
Q

What are the units for RBC count?

A

x10^6/ul

67
Q

What are the units for hemoglobin concentration?

A

g/dl

Clinical Lab Procedures (13 decks)

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