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Clinical Lab Procedures > RBC Maturation > Flashcards

RBC Maturation Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

production of all blood cells and platelets

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2
Q

In a fetus where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

liver and spleen

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3
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

active, where cells are being made

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4
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

inactive, (as an animal gets older the red marrow is replaced by fat cells giving it yellow color)

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5
Q

When cells are produced, what are the two types of cells they can develop into?

A

myeloid or lymphoid

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6
Q

What are all blood cells produced from?

A

PPSC/common ancestor cell

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7
Q

If a cell develops into a myeloid, can it change into a lymphoid, and vise versa?

A

no, its path cannot be reversed

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8
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

hormone that is responsible for RBC production

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9
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

production of RBCs

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10
Q

What are the stages of erythropoiesis?

A

Rubriblast, Prorubricyte, Rubricyte, Metarubricyte, Reticulocyte, RBC

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11
Q

What is a Rubriblast?

A

most immature RBC (only one with a nucleolus)

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12
Q

% of Rubriblasts in bone marrow

A

~1%

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13
Q

What is the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio in a Rubriblast?

A

7:1

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14
Q

% of Prorubricytes in bone marrow

A

3-4%

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15
Q

% of Rubricyte in bone marrow

A

35%

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16
Q

What is polychromatic?

A

many color

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17
Q

What is polychromatic?

A

many colors

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18
Q

If reticulocytes are seen in a horse, is that good or bad?

A

bad

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19
Q

If reticulocytes are seen in dogs/cats, is that good or bad?

A

good, this means the patient has regenerative anemia

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20
Q

Reticulocytes do not have a ___________.

A

nucleus

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21
Q

A RBC has a __________ shape.

A

biconcave shape

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22
Q

What is the average size of a canine RBC?

A

7 microns

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23
Q

What is the average life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

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24
Q

What abnormality is normal to see on feline RBC?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

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25
Q

Feline RBCs have a ___________________.

A

less distinct central pallor

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26
Q

What is aggultination?

A

bridging and clumping of RBC

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27
Q

In what patients is agglutination sometimes seen in?

A

patients with immune mediated disorders

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28
Q

What is rouleaux?

A

grouping of erythrocytes in stacks

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29
Q

Rouleaux in a normal finding in what species?

A

horses

30
Q

How can you tell the difference between agglutination and rouleaux?

A

saline test; add a drop of saline to a drop of blood, rouleaux formations will disperse whereas agglutination will not

31
Q

What are poikilocytes?

A

erythrocytes with abnormal shapes for the species at hand

32
Q

What is a spherocyte?

A

sphere shaped with little to no central pallor

33
Q

In what patients are spherocytes typically seen in?

A

patients with IMHA

34
Q

What are ghost cells?

A

ruptured RBCs that lose their hemoglobin

35
Q

What are eccentrocytes?

A

RBC with peripheral clear areas and displaced hemoglobin

36
Q

What are echinocytes also called?

A

crenations

37
Q

What are echinocytes?

A

spiculated RBCs, have evenly spaced surface projections

38
Q

When are echinocytes seen?

A

in patients with renal disease

39
Q

What are burr cells?

A

appear similar to echinocytes in canine, but elongated in felines

40
Q

What are acanthocytes also called?

A

spur cells?

41
Q

What are acanthocytes?

A

RBCs with 2-10 irregularly shaped blunt surface projections

42
Q

When are acanthocytes seen?

A

in patients with liver disease or hemangio sarcoma

43
Q

What are “blister” cells?

A

rupture to form the keratocyte

44
Q

What are keratocytes?

A

RBCs with two uniform horn-like projections due to areas of damage

45
Q

What are hypochromic cells?

A

color variation of the cell

46
Q

What are torocytes?

A

color variation, aka punched out cell

47
Q

What are stomotocytes?

A

have elongated “mouth-like” area of central pallor

48
Q

What species are ovalocytes normal in?

A

camels, goats, and sheep

49
Q

What are codocytes?

A

has an extra round membrane in the middle of the cell giving a target-like appearance

50
Q

What are knizocytes?

A

bar cells, central bar shaped outfolding of the membrane

51
Q

What are Schistocytes?

A

fragments of RBCs

52
Q

What is DIC?

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

53
Q

When are Schistocytes seen?

A

in patients with DIC

54
Q

What are Dacrocytes?

A

tear shaped cell

55
Q

When are Dacrocytes seen?

A

may be seen in patients with myelofibrosis

56
Q

What are Howell Jolly Bodies?

A

basophilic nuclear remnants; small fragment of non-functional nucleus left behind by spleen when RBC left bone marrow

57
Q

What is basophilic stippling?

A

presence of small. round, dark blue granules within the erythrocyte

58
Q

When is basophilic stippling seen?

A

patients with lead poisoning

59
Q

When are Distemper Viral Inclusion Bodies seen?

A

often present during the acute phase of infection with Canine Distemper

60
Q

What are Heinz Bodies?

A

round structures often projecting from surface of RBC

61
Q

When do Heinz Bodies form?

A

form when hemoglobin change in usual shape

62
Q

What species is it normal to see some Heinz Bodies?

A

healthy cats can have Heinz Bodies present in up to 5% of RBC

63
Q

The erythrocyte precursor that has a round, dense to completely pyknotic nucleus is known as a ____________.

A

metarubricyte

64
Q

In a normal marrow sample, which cell should be least commonly found?

A

prorubricyte

65
Q

At what stage does an immature RBC have enough HgB to carry O2?

A

reticulocyte

66
Q

What species has the smallest normal RBC?

A

caprine

67
Q

Erythrocytes that are elliptical and anucleated and lack central pallor?

A

llama

68
Q

A discocyte is a __________.

A

biconcave disc-shaped cell

69
Q

What occurs most frequently in dogs with iron deficiency anemia?

A

hypochromic cells

70
Q

An increased amount of which one of the following is a sign of RBC regeneration?

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

71
Q

Distemper Viral inclusions can form in which cells?

A

RBCs, WBCs, and epithelial cells

Clinical Lab Procedures (13 decks)

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