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Clinical Lab Procedures > Urine > Flashcards

Urine Flashcards

1
Q

What is Azoturia?

A

excess urea in urine

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2
Q

What is Urea?

A

nitrogenous waste, product of protein metabolism, formed in liver, excreted in urine

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3
Q

What is Myoglobinuria?

A

muscle protein in urine

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4
Q

What is False Hemoglobinuria?

A

RBC ruptured in urinary bladder

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5
Q

What is True Hemoglobinuria?

A

RBC ruptured in vascular system

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6
Q

What is Isothenuria?

A

maintenance of constant osmolality glucose completely regardless of changes in osmatic pressure in blood

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7
Q

What is Micturition?

A

act of urinating

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8
Q

What is FUS?

A

feline urological syndrome (FLUDTZ)

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9
Q

What is normal output of urine for cats/dogs?

A

20-40ml/kg

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10
Q

What is the average SG for dogs?

A

1.025

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11
Q

What is the average SG for cats?

A

1.030

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12
Q

What is the average SG range for Isothenuria?

A

1.008-1.012

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13
Q

What tests are the least accurate tests on a dipstick?

A

Nitrate and Urobilinogen

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14
Q

What stains can be used for urine?

A

Sternheimer-Melbin or New Methylene Blue

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15
Q

Where do casts form?

A

form in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys

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16
Q

What are casts made up of?

A

protein and mucoproteins

17
Q

What are the different types of casts?

A

Hyaline, Granular, Waxy, Cellular, and Fatty

18
Q

What is the most common casts seen?

A

Granular casts

19
Q

Which granular cast is younger?

A

coarse granular cast

20
Q

Which granular cast is older?

A

fine granular cast

21
Q

What cast is the most common in cats?

A

Fatty casts

22
Q

What parasites can be seen in the urine?

A

Capillaria plica (bladder worm), Microfilaria, Dioctophyma renale

23
Q

What is normal pH for dogs?

A

5.5-6.8

24
Q

What is normal pH for cats?

A

6-7

25
Q

What crystal is most commonly seen?

A

Struvite

26
Q

What is the second most common crystal seen?

A

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

27
Q

For cytological evaluation, the sample should be _________________ to avoid changes to the urine.

A

centrifuged ASAP

28
Q

Why would urine be brown?

A

blood, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria

29
Q

What crystals/stones are found in Dalmations?

A

Uric Acid

30
Q

What crystals are seen with ethylene glycol toxicity (antifreeze)?

A

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate or Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

31
Q

What does an increased amount of Cystine crystals indicate?

A

renal tubular disfunction

32
Q

What color is a hematuria sample once spun down?

A

clear, whole RBC at the bottom

33
Q

What color is a myoglobinuria sample once spun down?

A

red, whole RBCs and ghost cells at the bottom

34
Q

What color is a hemoglobinuria sample once spun down?

A

red, ghost cells at the bottom

Clinical Lab Procedures (13 decks)

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