vacinations Flashcards
which is more poweful adaptive or inname imunity
adaptive
specificity, memory , t cells
what are examples of PASSIVE immunisation
natural - placenta (IgG) breast milk IgA
artificial - imunogobulin therapys IVIg
rabies post exposure prophylaxis
what are examples of ACTIVE imunity
natural - infection/exposure
artificial - imunisations/vacines
describe specificity and memory of passive vs active immunity
active yes for both
passive yes for specific no for memory (no antibodies left)
advantages/disadvantages of passive immunity
+ quick fix, immediate protection
- no immunological memory
what is a vaccination
administering of genetic material to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop ADAPTIVE immunity
what is a vaccination
administering of genetic material to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop ADAPTIVE immunity
what are the types of vaccination
heat killed while organisms
attenuated whole organism
recombinant proteins
toxoid vacine
benefits/negtives of killed whole organism
booster require
easy to manufacture
MUST BE DEAD
what are the benefits/negatives behind
attenuated organsims
(mainly viruses)
more powerfull
stimulates natural infection
find strain of virus to find Avirulent strain - infect but cause no disease
needs to be monitored, refrigiration
what is the attenuation mechaism
virus isolated aand grown in human cells
transferred to monkey cells
once a strain affects the monkey isolated and made into a vaccination cause it cant effect humans
what are recombinant vacines
need an adjuvant to create sufficient immune response
made out of proteins from the virus
safe and easy to make
what is a toxoid vaccine
the actual toxoid (disease) is treated with formalin
allowing for immunity against disease but not getting it
wont protect form organism just the toxin
what are the contraindications of vaccinates
into 2 sub categories
temporary
pregnancy (live attenuated vaccines)
febrile illness
permanent
allergy
immunocompromised cant be given live attenuated - MIGHT DEVELOP DISEASE STRAIN
what is herd immunity
how high should it be
minimising risk of individuals who cannot be vaccinate (babies, pregnant woman)
what makes a good vacinaton
potent antibody response
memory
cytotoxi t cells
helper t cells
most vacines release hig serum IgG
what is the cold chain network
keeping the attenuated vacines cold enogyu in rural areas
what is antigenis chift
point mutations when the combination of the two viruse leading to immune evasion
what are some examples of vacines given to travellers
typhoid cholera yellow fever rabies hep A
what are the vaccination scheduled of children
2,3,4 months 1,3/4 years
teenager
what cause auntomun disease
what is it
environment,genetics, sex(lupus) ? no one really knows
blanket imunosuppression
