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principles of disease > vacinations > Flashcards

vacinations Flashcards

1
Q

which is more poweful adaptive or inname imunity

A

adaptive

specificity, memory , t cells

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2
Q

what are examples of PASSIVE immunisation

A

natural - placenta (IgG) breast milk IgA
artificial - imunogobulin therapys IVIg

rabies post exposure prophylaxis

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3
Q

what are examples of ACTIVE imunity

A

natural - infection/exposure

artificial - imunisations/vacines

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4
Q

describe specificity and memory of passive vs active immunity

A

active yes for both

passive yes for specific no for memory (no antibodies left)

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5
Q

advantages/disadvantages of passive immunity

A

+ quick fix, immediate protection

  • no immunological memory
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6
Q

what is a vaccination

A

administering of genetic material to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop ADAPTIVE immunity

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7
Q

what is a vaccination

A

administering of genetic material to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop ADAPTIVE immunity

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8
Q

what are the types of vaccination

A

heat killed while organisms

attenuated whole organism

recombinant proteins

toxoid vacine

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9
Q

benefits/negtives of killed whole organism

A

booster require
easy to manufacture
MUST BE DEAD

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10
Q

what are the benefits/negatives behind
attenuated organsims

(mainly viruses)

A

more powerfull

stimulates natural infection

find strain of virus to find Avirulent strain - infect but cause no disease

needs to be monitored, refrigiration

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11
Q

what is the attenuation mechaism

A

virus isolated aand grown in human cells
transferred to monkey cells
once a strain affects the monkey isolated and made into a vaccination cause it cant effect humans

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12
Q

what are recombinant vacines

A

need an adjuvant to create sufficient immune response

made out of proteins from the virus

safe and easy to make

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13
Q

what is a toxoid vaccine

A

the actual toxoid (disease) is treated with formalin

allowing for immunity against disease but not getting it

wont protect form organism just the toxin

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14
Q

what are the contraindications of vaccinates

into 2 sub categories

A

temporary
pregnancy (live attenuated vaccines)
febrile illness

permanent
allergy
immunocompromised cant be given live attenuated - MIGHT DEVELOP DISEASE STRAIN

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15
Q

what is herd immunity

how high should it be

A

minimising risk of individuals who cannot be vaccinate (babies, pregnant woman)

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16
Q

what makes a good vacinaton

A

potent antibody response
memory
cytotoxi t cells
helper t cells

most vacines release hig serum IgG

17
Q

what is the cold chain network

A

keeping the attenuated vacines cold enogyu in rural areas

18
Q

what is antigenis chift

A

point mutations when the combination of the two viruse leading to immune evasion

19
Q

what are some examples of vacines given to travellers

A 
typhoid 
cholera
yellow fever 
rabies
hep A
20
Q

what are the vaccination scheduled of children

A

2,3,4 months 1,3/4 years

teenager

21
Q

what cause auntomun disease

what is it

A

environment,genetics, sex(lupus) ? no one really knows

blanket imunosuppression

principles of disease (18 decks)

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