tumour pathology Flashcards
what stages are part of interphase
G1, S, G2
what happens in G1 and why can it be stopped
synthesis of components for DNA (cell growth)
not enough nutrients
what is S phase and what can stop it
DNA replication
and problems with DNA replication
what is G2 and what goes wrong
preparation for mitosis
and problems with DNA
what happens in M and what can stop it
P - prophase - DNA compacts
M - metaphase - alignment
A - pull apart
T - nuclear envelope
C - cleavage
MISSALINGMENT OF CHROMOSOMES
what dose cell regulation do
either repair the problem or destroy the cell
what is G0
when a cell has left the cell cycle and stopped dividing
what happens if cell size is inadequate
G1 or G2 arrest
what are CDKs
cyclin- dependent kinases are the ‘‘locks’’ that stop the phosphorylation of a target protein (regulate next step in cell cycle)
what are cyclins
the accelerator/ key that bind to the CDKs
what are DKIs
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (the breaks)
inhibit cyclin/CDKs complexes
what are the two family types of inhibitors DKIs
INK4A p16-p19
KIP - fishyyyy (p21)
where is the retinoblastoma gene
in every human cell
when is the RB active
when its hypophosphorylated
what happens when RB is active/ hypo
inactivates E2F
