pathogens and host and immunity Flashcards
what are the 5 types of host defence mechanisms
innate immunity phagocytic mechanisms acquired immunity antibody and complement cell mediated immunity
what is innate immunity
the basic first line of defeence
skin, muco - cillary escalator
what are neutrophils
most abundant type of immune/WBCs - fight manly bacteria
what is acquired immunity
specific response to antigen concerned
immunological memory created
what are the 4 types of viral infections
acute infection
latent infection
chronic infection
tumours virus infection
example of a acute virus
what usually happens to spread what problems can occur
enterovirus - enteric and neurological
localised to the specific site of body
deleopment of VIRAEMIA leading to widespread infection of tissue
what is an example of latent virus
herpes
cold sore/ genital lesions
having no symptoms in-between two peaks
where dose the latent herpes ‘‘hide’’
in the ganglia
what is an example of a tumour caused by a virus
retrovirus that effects the cells DNA
what is a pathogen
an organism that can cause disease
what is a commensal organism
part of the normal flora
however hard to distinguish between commensal and pathogen
what is infectivity
examples
ability to become established in a host
attachment - fimbriae (E.coli)
acid resistance
what is virulence
the ability to cause harmful/disease effects this is done by virulence factors
what are examples of virulence factors
invasiveness, toxin production, evasion of immune system `
what are the three types of toxins and their difference
exotoxins - released by the micro-organism
endotoxins - are structurally part of the GRAM NEGATIVE cell wall
enterotoxin - exotoxins that act on the GI tract
what are endo toxins a main factor in
sepsis
what other than the pathogen can cause harmful effects
the host response
especially to endotoxin
(cytokine production, fevers, hypotension, tachycardia)
what are the WBCs that take part in innate immunity
neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
(all 3 are granulocytes)
macrophages
phagocytes
what do eosinophils do
part of innate immunity
mostly combat parasitic infection
what are basophils and what do they do
are responsible of the inflammation and least abundant but are the largest
what are phagocytes and what do they do
phagocytosis, held in phagosome, fuse with lysosome and then kill the micro-organism
what is opsonisation
an organism coated with antibody or compliment
phagocytes have receptors for these and this improves efficiency of phagocytosis
what is acquired immunity
specific response to antigen concerned
immunological memory created
b cells as well
what are immunoglobulins and what types are there
Ig’s are the proteins with antibody activity
IgM -first line (manpower of an army)
IgG - 2ndry response
IgA - mucosal say Ahhhhhh
IgE - alergey EATING food
