chronic inflamation Flashcards
what is chronic inflammation
inflammation where there is a high proportion of lymphocytes
plasma cells
macrophages
or there is NECROSIS and loss of function
what are the clinoical presentations of chronic inflammation
weigh loss
loss of function - Crohns disease (GI ulceration)
when do we see chronic inflammation after acute
if there is a large volume of damage
inability to remove debris
fails to resolve
what is organisation
a form of acute inflammation in which granulation tissue is present = leads to fibrosis
what do fibroblasts do
make and assemble structural proteins
collagens
various types
ulceration is lined by what tissue
granulation tissue
what do macrophages do
take over from neutrophils
phagocyte
what do NK cells do
destroy antigens and cells
what do T cells do
produce cytokines
attract and hold macrophages
kill cells with granule proteins
produce interferons
what do B cells do
differentiate to plasma cells
ANTIBODIES
facilitate immune response
IMMUNE MEMORY
what do plasma cells do
produce antibodies
when can cronic inflammation occur
sutures, metal and plastic eg joint replacements, mineral crystals, glass,
what happens in granulation tissure
capillaries grow into inflammatory mass access of plasma proteins macrophages from blood and tissue fibroblasts lay down collagen to repair damaged tissue collagen replaces inflammatory exudate
autoimmune disease is an example of
chronic inflammation
TYPE 2 HYPERSENSITIVITY
what factors are involved in promoting the health and repair of a wound
cleanliness
sound nutrition
apposition of edges
normal inflammatory and coagulation mechanisms
what if the role of angiogenesis
new vessels form- capillary buds
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor - released by hypoxic cells
enable blood supply to enter damaged tissue
what factors inhibit healing and repair
dirty
gaping wound
poorly nourished ( lack VIT A and C)
inhibition of angiogenesis
what is granulomatous inflammation
stimulated by indigestible antigen
precensr of geanuloumas tisse
IDIOPATHIC AND SERIOUS INFECTION
what are granulomas
aggregates of macrophages in tissue
contain neutrophils, eosinophils
possible giant cells
TYPE 4 HYPERSENSITIVITY
what are giant cells
cytoplasm; multiple nuclei
fusion of macrophages to form larger cells
what is an example f non-infective granulomas
Crohn’s disease – chronic inflammatory bowel disease
what are the steps of wound healing
acute inflammation
granulation tissue forms
local angiogenesis
fibrosis and scar formation
what factors promote wound healing (by primary intention)
minimal gap
small amount of granulation tissure
small limnear scar
what is surgical wound healing called
healing by primary intention
