bacteria, viruses, pathogens Flashcards
what dose the peptidoglycan layer do
prevent osmosis
what do Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) do
elicit immune response
what are Fimbria
the stands out bacteria for adherence
virulence factor
how do bacteria replicate
binary fission
bacterial genetic variation
spontaneous mutation
transfer of plasmid DNA
horizontal gene transfer
what builds peptidoglycan
penicillin binding proteins
what are bacteriophages
viruses
trying to infiltrate
characteristics of viruses
small
need a host cell to relipcate
non cellular
exampels of viruses
ebola, HIV, Hep B, Rabies
what is a viron
the extracellular form of a virus
explain process of virus replication
viron attaches to cell
uncoats and entres the cell, where it replicares iys genomic nucleic acid
virons are then assembled
budding and released
how can viruses be detected
either the whole organisms (electron microscopy)
part of organism
surface antigen detection
immune response antigen
different times/durations of viruses
clearance - no short or long term immunity
chronic infection - HIV
latent infection - herpes
transformation
- long term and alters genes
what is viral latency
viruse lies dormant
expression of viral genome restricted to minimise viral antigens produced
how do some viruses lead to cancer
effecting modulating of cell cycle control
modulation of apoptosis
how do you detect a whole viral organism
microscopy
culture
how do you detect part of a viral organism
ANTIGEN DETECTION
dna extraction and amplification
immune response
used to deterimine extent
prior infection or vaccination
all anti virals are …
virustatic and NONE are virucidal
toxicity to the host cell is not un common due to….
the viuruses utilse host cell enzymes in order to replicate
what are antivirals used for
prophyaxis- prevention
pre-emptive therapy- before symptoms (sign i.e. blood test)
overt - see the symptoms
suppressive therapy - to keep viral replication low - HIV
what dose the immune response release in the early stages
IgM
what is the immunisation in passive immunisation
IgG
how to viruses lead to cancers
mutation of cell cycle
prevention of apoptosis
reactive oxygen mediated damage
what symptoms of viruses need to be present for eradication
no chronic carrier state
no animal reservoir
political and social support
what is a fungus
A chemo-organotrophic eukaryote that lacks chlorophyll and forms spores.
what are the 3 types
moulds, yeasts or mushrooms
