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principles of disease > bacteria, viruses, pathogens > Flashcards

bacteria, viruses, pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

what dose the peptidoglycan layer do

A

prevent osmosis

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2
Q

what do Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) do

A

elicit immune response

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3
Q

what are Fimbria

A

the stands out bacteria for adherence

virulence factor

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4
Q

how do bacteria replicate

A

binary fission

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5
Q

bacterial genetic variation

A

spontaneous mutation

transfer of plasmid DNA

horizontal gene transfer

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6
Q

what builds peptidoglycan

A

penicillin binding proteins

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7
Q

what are bacteriophages

A

viruses

trying to infiltrate

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8
Q

characteristics of viruses

A

small

need a host cell to relipcate

non cellular

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9
Q

exampels of viruses

A

ebola, HIV, Hep B, Rabies

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10
Q

what is a viron

A

the extracellular form of a virus

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11
Q

explain process of virus replication

A

viron attaches to cell

uncoats and entres the cell, where it replicares iys genomic nucleic acid

virons are then assembled

budding and released

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12
Q

how can viruses be detected

A

either the whole organisms (electron microscopy)

part of organism
surface antigen detection

immune response antigen

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13
Q

different times/durations of viruses

A

clearance - no short or long term immunity

chronic infection - HIV

latent infection - herpes

transformation
- long term and alters genes

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14
Q

what is viral latency

A

viruse lies dormant

expression of viral genome restricted to minimise viral antigens produced

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15
Q

how do some viruses lead to cancer

A

effecting modulating of cell cycle control

modulation of apoptosis

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16
Q

how do you detect a whole viral organism

A

microscopy

culture

17
Q

how do you detect part of a viral organism

A

ANTIGEN DETECTION

dna extraction and amplification

18
Q

immune response

A

used to deterimine extent

prior infection or vaccination

19
Q

all anti virals are …

A

virustatic and NONE are virucidal

20
Q

toxicity to the host cell is not un common due to….

A

the viuruses utilse host cell enzymes in order to replicate

21
Q

what are antivirals used for

A

prophyaxis- prevention

pre-emptive therapy- before symptoms (sign i.e. blood test)

overt - see the symptoms

suppressive therapy - to keep viral replication low - HIV

22
Q

what dose the immune response release in the early stages

A

IgM

23
Q

what is the immunisation in passive immunisation

A

IgG

24
Q

how to viruses lead to cancers

A

mutation of cell cycle
prevention of apoptosis
reactive oxygen mediated damage

25
Q

what symptoms of viruses need to be present for eradication

A

no chronic carrier state
no animal reservoir
political and social support

26
Q

what is a fungus

A

A chemo-organotrophic eukaryote that lacks chlorophyll and forms spores.

27
Q

what are the 3 types

A

moulds, yeasts or mushrooms

principles of disease (18 decks)

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