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RUSVM Immunology 2016 > Vaccines/Vaccinatino > Flashcards

Vaccines/Vaccinatino Flashcards

1
Q

passive immunization

A

involves the administration of preformed antibodies to provide immediate immunological protection

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2
Q

Where are antisera raised?

A

in horses or sheep

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3
Q

How often is passive immunization performed in veterinary medicine?

A

Rarely

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4
Q

Passive immunization antiserum for cattle is done for

A

anthrax

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5
Q

Passive immunization antiserum for dogs is done for

A

canine distemper

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6
Q

Passive immunization antiserum for cats is done for

A

panleukopenia

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7
Q

Passive immunization antiserum for humans is done for

A

snake, arthropod and insect antiserum

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8
Q

What antibody is most prevalent in passive immunization?

A

IgG (then IgM and IgA)

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9
Q

What is the most common form of immunization?

A

active immunization

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10
Q

active immunization

A

an Ag is administered to an animal to induce an immune response

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11
Q

What do vaccines protect animals from?

A

subsequent exposure to teh same antigen

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12
Q

What are properties of an ideal vaccine

A

inexpensive, consistant formulation, stable, long shelf-life, produces appropriate immune response, long-lived immune response, induces immunological memory, no adverse side effects

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13
Q

What types of vaccines are there?

A

infectious and non infectious vaccines

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14
Q

What are examples of infectious vaccines?

A 
live virulent vaccines
live attenuated vaccines
heterologous vaccines
recombinat organisms
marker vaccines
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15
Q

What are examples of non infectious vaccines?

A

killed vaccines, subunit vaccines, naked DNA vaccines

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16
Q

What are examples of vaccines other than for infectious diseases?

A

allergic vaccines, autoimmune vaccines, neoplastic (cancer) vaccines

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17
Q

Why are vaccines that incorporate live and virulent form of an infectious agent uncommon?

A

Due to the potential risk of inducing clinical disease rather than protection

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18
Q

What type of vaccine is most commonly used in veterinary medicine?

A

live attenuated vaccine (modified live)

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19
Q

live attenuated vaccine

A

intact and viable organism that has “been attenuated” to reduce virulence

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20
Q

Live attenuated vaccines work by

A

inducing a low-level infection and replicating wihtin the animal

21
Q

Do live attenuated vaccines induce significant pathology or clinical disease?

A

NO

22
Q

What are methods of attenuation for vaccines?

A

heating, chemical treatment, microogranism growth, deletion of virulent genes, alternative antigenetically organism

23
Q

What are contraindications to using live attenuated vaccines?

A

reversion to virulence
vaccine contamination
less stable (need refrigeration)

24
Q

What is a heterologous vaccine?

A

incorporates an organism antigenically related to the target infectious agent but adapted to another host species
Human measles to CDV, FPV- CPV

25
Q

What is an example set of diseases that have similar antigens?

A

CDV, cattle rinderprest and measles

26
Q

What can you inject int oa dog to protect against distemper?

A

measles virus

27
Q

What is a recombinant organism vaccine?

A

a benign carrier organism is genetically modified to incorporate a gene from an unrelated pathogen, expressed the gene within host and triggers immune response

28
Q

Marker vaccines allows scientists to

A

distinguish between antibodies produced by vaccine and natural exposure immune response

29
Q

What is a non infectious vaccine/killed vaccine?

A

has an organism antigenically intact but clearly unable to replicate or induce pathology or clinical disease

30
Q

What do most killed vaccine require?

A

an adjuvant- substance that enhances the bodies immune system to an antigen

31
Q

Why do most killed vaccines require and adjuvant?

A

they are most likely to induce a Th2 response compared with live attenuated vaccines

32
Q

What are subunit vaccines?

A

Contain specific immunogenic structural proteins or metabolites derived from an organism (not an ENTIRE intact organism)

33
Q

What are naked DNA vaccines?

A

plasmids transfecting host cells at the site of injection (APCs)

34
Q

How do naked DNA vaccines work?

A

they trigger a potent mixed cell-mediated and humoral immune response

35
Q

What vaccine can be used with maternally derived antibodies?

A

naked DNA vaccine

36
Q

Mucosal vaccines

A

stimulate high levels of local immunity in the site of inoculation

37
Q

What do mucosal vaccines protect against?

A

respiratory pathogens: IBR, PI-3, herpesvirus-1, streptococcus equi, canine bordetella, FCV

38
Q

How can fish vaccines be given?

A

immersion/abosrtion via gills, swallowing/oral cavity, injection: IP

39
Q

What is a type of mucosal vaccine given for newcastle disease in poultry?

A

an aerosolized, mucosal vaccine

40
Q

Needle-free vaccines

A

use a modified transdermal device of drugs

41
Q

Depot adjuvants

A

slow removal of antigen for prolonged immune response

42
Q

Particulate adjuvants

A

Enhance antigen presentation, cytokine production by APC, ThCell response
**overall enhance cell mediated immunity and antibody production

43
Q

Immunostimulatory adjuvants

A

Stimulate TLRS, enhance cytokine production by APC, Th cell response
**overall enhance cell mediated immunity and antibody production

44
Q

Core vaccine

A

required because they protect against common, dangerous disease so that a failure to sue them, animal is at risk of disease or death

45
Q

Noncore vaccine

A

directed against disease, risk associated with not vaccinating may be low

46
Q

When do you not vaccinate an animal?

A

when it is immunosuppressed or ill

47
Q

Maternal derived antibody may interfere with vaccines in young animals requiring

A

a booster vaccine

**a series of priming immunizations

48
Q

What are examples of inappropriate responses to vaccinations?

A

Local reaction, anaphylaxis, granuloma, fibrosarcoma

hypersensiivies, neurological reaction or foreign body reactions

49
Q

What are examples results of errors in vaccinations?

A

immunosuppression, clinical disease or fetal death

RUSVM Immunology 2016 (14 decks)

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