Exam 2: Cytokines

Question 1

Properties of Cytokines

Answer 1

• produce proteins
• control the immune response, locally and systematically
• mechanism of communication among cells
• affect many diff. types of cells (pleiotropic)

Question 2

An effective immune response is possible only when interaction between (blank), ( blank) and (blank) is possible.

Answer 2

hematopoietic, lymphoid and inflammatory cells

Question 3

Cytokines are originally called:

Answer 3

lymphokines or monokines

Question 4

Interleukines (IL)

Answer 4

Cytokines that mediate between lymphcytes and leukocytes

*37 known

Question 5

Chemokines

Answer 5

Cytokines that recruit and activate leukocytes

Question 6

Chemotaxis

Answer 6

cells move from an area of low chemical signal to an area of high chemical signal

Question 7

Cytokines bind to

Answer 7

receptors on target cells, thus initiate activating or suppressive signals

Question 8

Autocrine action of cytokine

Answer 8

A cytokine binds on a receptor on the same cell that produced the cytokine

Question 9

Paracrine action of cytokine

Answer 9

A cytokine binds on a receptor found on a cell in close proximity to the producer cell it exerts

Question 10

Endocrine Action of Cytokine

Answer 10

When a cytokine binds to a receptor found on a cell located in a distant part of the body

Question 11

Pleiotropic Action of Cytokine

Answer 11

has different biological effects on different target cells

Question 12

Redundancy Action of Cytokine

Answer 12

Two or more cytokines exert the same biological effect on the same cells

Question 13

Synergistic Action of Cytokine

Answer 13

Two cytokines that work better together, compared to seperately

Question 14

Antagonistic Action of Cytokine

Answer 14

action of one cytokine inhibits the effects of another cytokine

Question 15

Cascade Action of Cytokine

Answer 15

Cytokine production that leads to more cytokines being produced

Question 16

What is the structure of cytokine receptors?

Answer 16

Subunits:

1. Cytokine binding
2. signal transduction

Question 17

IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF function to:

Answer 17

• affect hematopoietic cells
• activate monocytes
• induce differentiation of megakariocytes
• induce proliferation of neutrophils
• induce degranulation of basophils to release histamine

Question 18

Chemokines function to:

Answer 18

• regulation the adhesion process
• chemotaxis
• activation of leukocytes
• *regulation of leukoctye homeostasis and inflammation

Question 19

Where are chemokines produced:

Answer 19

• peripheral lymphoid tissue cells
• bone marrow
• other tissues

Question 20

Chemokines are induced to participate in the inflammatory process by

Answer 20

TNF- alpha

Question 21

C chemokines structure

Answer 21

the first 2 conserved cysteins are bound by side disulphide bonds

Question 22

CC chemokines structure

Answer 22

the first 2 conserved cysteins are positioned one fater another and each has a side chain

Question 23

CXC chemokines structure

Answer 23

between the 1st and 2nd conserved cysteins there is an aa other than cystein

Question 24

CX3C chemokiens structure

Answer 24

three amino acids other than cystein are located in between the first two conserved cysteins and there is a mucin domain

Question 25

Antigens stimulate TCR to release

Answer 25

IFN-gamma, IL-2, -4, -10, -13

Question 26

Cytokine Signal Transduction

Answer 26

1. ligand binds receptors
2. Tyrosine kinase activity is generated
3. Second messengers amplify and trasmit signal
4. Transcription factors are generated
5. Gene transcription leads to protein synthesis and cell division
6. Cell Response

Question 27

IL-1 RA regulates IL-1 by

Answer 27

blocking the receptor

Question 28

TNF-R regulates TNF alpha

Answer 28

by competing for TNF-alpha with cell membrane and inhibits cytokines signalling

Question 29

What are the cytokine functions on target cells:

a. affect cell behavior
b. Mitosis
c. Differentiation
d. Induce protein synthesis
e. all the above

Answer 29

E. all the above

Question 30

Cytokines must bind to their receptors on target cells in order to trigger an intracellular signal. T/F

Answer 30

True