Exam 2: Humoral Response 1

Question 1

Antibodies are soluble

Answer 1

BCR

Question 2

BCR light chain is made up of:

Answer 2

Constant Domain (CL)
Variable Domain (VL)
Light Kappa Chain (K)
Light lambda chain (lambda)

Question 3

BCR Heavy Chain is made up of:

Answer 3

Variable Domain (VH)
Constant Domain (CH)
Five different types of heavy chains: alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, mu

Question 4

Complementary Determining Regions (CDR)

Answer 4

There are three regions of variable 6-10 amino acids

Question 5

Framework Regions

Answer 5

Constant regions among hypervariable regions

Question 6

How many constant domains do alpha, gamma and delta have?

Answer 6

3 constant domains: CH1, CH2, CH3

Question 7

How many constant domains do mu and epsilon have?

Answer 7

4 constant domains: CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4

Question 8

What is the antigen binding site?

Answer 8

Vh and V1

Question 9

What stabilizes the antigen-binding site?

Answer 9

Ch1 and CL

Question 10

What is the Hinge Region on the BCR?

Answer 10

creates universal joint around which the immunoglobulin can swing freely (IgM does not have)

Question 11

What are the BCR signal transducing components?

Answer 11

CD79, Ig alpha and beta

Question 12

BCR Signal transducing cascade

Answer 12

1. Signal initiated by antibody binding
2. Receptor clustering
3. Phosphorylation ITAms
4. activates signalling cascade

Question 13

Complete Activation of BCR

Answer 13

Stimulation by TH cells and cytokines

Question 14

B Lymphocytes have 2 roles:

Answer 14

1. Respond to antigen by making antibodies

2. Antigen Presenting Cells

Question 15

The Primary response of co-stimulation of B lymphocytes steps:

Answer 15

1. antigen binding -BCR
2. BCR internalized and transported where MHC-1 and antigen fragments combined
3. MHC1-BCR complex sent to B cell surface and presented to TH cell
4. TH cell activates

Question 16

The Secondary Response of co-stimulation of B lymphocytes steps:

Answer 16

1. T cell CD154 binds CD40 on B cell, TCR binds MHC, CD86 and CD28 causes release Il-4
2. Stimulation for cytokine release: IL-1, 4, 5, 6

Question 17

IL-4 functions to

Answer 17

• increase growth and differentiation of B cells
• increase expression of MHC 2
• induces IG class switching

Question 18

Il-5 functions to

Answer 18

• B cell differentiation into plasma cells
• Stimulates IgM and IgG production
• Il-4 and 5 induce IgE production
• selectively stimulates IgA production

Question 19

IL-6 functions to

Answer 19

• needed for final differentiation of B cell into plasma cells
• with IL-5 promotes IgA production
• with IL-1 promotes IgM production

Question 20

Binding of CD40 on B Cells and CD154 stimulates:

Answer 20

binding of CD 86-28, B cell activation, memory cell development, IG class switching

Question 21

Binding of CD40 on DC Cells and CD154 stimulates:

Answer 21

antigen presentation, cytokine production, cell survival

Question 22

Binding of CD40 on Macrophage Cells and CD154 stimulates:

Answer 22

Cytokine production, activation

Question 23

What does the binding of CD21/ CD19 stimulate?

Answer 23

Lowers the the thresh hold for B cell activation 100x

Question 24

When PAMPs bind to TLRs on B cells causing B cell activation and proliferation, results in:

Answer 24

No participation of Th cells, Only IgM response, No memory cells, No IG class switching

Question 25

Clonotype

Answer 25

a clone of B cells expressing a capable of responding to a single epitope

Question 26

Where do B cells originate?

Answer 26

bone marrow

Question 27

Where are plasma cells found?

Answer 27

Spleen, medulla of lymph nodes and bone marrow

Question 28

What signifies a typical plasma cell structurely?

Answer 28

Increased rough endoplasmic reticulum activity, typical of a cell dedicated to Ig production of Ig

Question 29

How many molecules of Ig can be produced per second?

Answer 29

10,000 molecules of Ig per second

Question 30

Where are long term memory B cells located?

Answer 30

cortex of the lymph node to proliferate to form germinal centers

Question 31

What cytokine expression protects against apoptosis?

Answer 31

bc1-2

Question 32

Where are short term memory B cells located?

Answer 32

spleen and lymph node

Question 33

What are long lived resting memory cellsdependent on?

Answer 33

not dependent on antigen contact

Question 34

Short lived memory cells are depend on?

Answer 34

antigen contact

Question 35

What occurs in the lymph node germinal center?

Answer 35

- antigen derived cell proliferation - somatic hypermutation - pos and neg B cell selection

Question 36

IgG is found where?

Answer 36

spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

Question 37

Binding of IgG to bacteria causes:

Answer 37

- agglutinization - opsonization - activates the classical complement pathway

Question 38

IgM is found where?

Answer 38

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 39

Where is its complement activation site?

Answer 39

CH4

Question 40

What are the functions of IgM?

Answer 40

- opsonization - virus neutralization - agglutinizaiton - not v. important in inflammation

Question 41

Where is IgA found?

Answer 41

body surfaces: intestine, respiratory tract, urinary system, skin and mammary gland

Question 42

What is the major Ig found in external secretions of non-ruminants?

Answer 42

IgA

Question 43

Where is IgE found?

Answer 43

located under body surfaces

Question 44

IgE binds which receptor on mast cells and basophils?

Answer 44

FceRI

Question 45

IgE mainly functions in:

Answer 45

- releases inflammatory molecules from mast cells - enhances local defense - immunity against parasites

Question 46

What has the shortest half life of all immunoglobulins?

Answer 46

IgE

Question 47

Where is IgD mainly found?

Answer 47

attached to B cells

Question 48

Which immunoglobulin mediates the link between innate and adaptive immune responses?

Answer 48

IgD

Question 49

Allotypes

Answer 49

variations in heavy chain genes reflected in structural differences

Question 50

Idiotypes

Answer 50

variation in aa sequence of light and heavy chains, of each individual animal

Question 51

What is the sequence of heavy chain series?

Answer 51

IgM-IgD-IgG-IgE-IgA

Question 52

What are the B lymphocyte Recombination events?

Answer 52

1. VDJ recombination | 2. antigens activiating B cell class witching of heavy chain

Question 53

Primary immune response is dominated by which immunoglobulin?

Answer 53

IgM

Question 54

Secondary Immune response is deominated by which IG?

Answer 54

IgG

Question 55

Are these CD receptors present on T cells: CD3, 4, 8? T/F

Answer 55

T