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RUSVM Immunology 2016 > Exam 2: Humoral Response 1 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Humoral Response 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Antibodies are soluble

A

BCR

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2
Q

BCR light chain is made up of:

A 
Constant Domain (CL)
Variable Domain (VL)
Light Kappa Chain (K)
Light lambda chain (lambda)
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3
Q

BCR Heavy Chain is made up of:

A 
Variable Domain (VH)
Constant Domain (CH)
Five different types of heavy chains: alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon, mu
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4
Q

Complementary Determining Regions (CDR)

A

There are three regions of variable 6-10 amino acids

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5
Q

Framework Regions

A

Constant regions among hypervariable regions

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6
Q

How many constant domains do alpha, gamma and delta have?

A

3 constant domains: CH1, CH2, CH3

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7
Q

How many constant domains do mu and epsilon have?

A

4 constant domains: CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4

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8
Q

What is the antigen binding site?

A

Vh and V1

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9
Q

What stabilizes the antigen-binding site?

A

Ch1 and CL

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10
Q

What is the Hinge Region on the BCR?

A

creates universal joint around which the immunoglobulin can swing freely (IgM does not have)

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11
Q

What are the BCR signal transducing components?

A

CD79, Ig alpha and beta

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12
Q

BCR Signal transducing cascade

A
  1. Signal initiated by antibody binding
  2. Receptor clustering
  3. Phosphorylation ITAms
  4. activates signalling cascade
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13
Q

Complete Activation of BCR

A

Stimulation by TH cells and cytokines

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14
Q

B Lymphocytes have 2 roles:

A
  1. Respond to antigen by making antibodies

2. Antigen Presenting Cells

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15
Q

The Primary response of co-stimulation of B lymphocytes steps:

A
  1. antigen binding -BCR
  2. BCR internalized and transported where MHC-1 and antigen fragments combined
  3. MHC1-BCR complex sent to B cell surface and presented to TH cell
  4. TH cell activates
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16
Q

The Secondary Response of co-stimulation of B lymphocytes steps:

A
  1. T cell CD154 binds CD40 on B cell, TCR binds MHC, CD86 and CD28 causes release Il-4
  2. Stimulation for cytokine release: IL-1, 4, 5, 6
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17
Q

IL-4 functions to

A
  • increase growth and differentiation of B cells
  • increase expression of MHC 2
  • induces IG class switching
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18
Q

Il-5 functions to

A
  • B cell differentiation into plasma cells
  • Stimulates IgM and IgG production
  • Il-4 and 5 induce IgE production
  • selectively stimulates IgA production
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19
Q

IL-6 functions to

A
  • needed for final differentiation of B cell into plasma cells
  • with IL-5 promotes IgA production
  • with IL-1 promotes IgM production
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20
Q

Binding of CD40 on B Cells and CD154 stimulates:

A

binding of CD 86-28, B cell activation, memory cell development, IG class switching

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21
Q

Binding of CD40 on DC Cells and CD154 stimulates:

A

antigen presentation, cytokine production, cell survival

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22
Q

Binding of CD40 on Macrophage Cells and CD154 stimulates:

A

Cytokine production, activation

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23
Q

What does the binding of CD21/ CD19 stimulate?

A

Lowers the the thresh hold for B cell activation 100x

24
Q

When PAMPs bind to TLRs on B cells causing B cell activation and proliferation, results in:

A

No participation of Th cells, Only IgM response, No memory cells, No IG class switching

25
Q

Clonotype

A

a clone of B cells expressing a capable of responding to a single epitope

26
Q

Where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

27
Q

Where are plasma cells found?

A

Spleen, medulla of lymph nodes and bone marrow

28
Q

What signifies a typical plasma cell structurely?

A

Increased rough endoplasmic reticulum activity, typical of a cell dedicated to Ig production of Ig

29
Q

How many molecules of Ig can be produced per second?

A

10,000 molecules of Ig per second

30
Q

Where are long term memory B cells located?

A

cortex of the lymph node to proliferate to form germinal centers

31
Q

What cytokine expression protects against apoptosis?

A

bc1-2

32
Q

Where are short term memory B cells located?

A

spleen and lymph node

33
Q

What are long lived resting memory cellsdependent on?

A

not dependent on antigen contact

34
Q

Short lived memory cells are depend on?

A

antigen contact

35
Q

What occurs in the lymph node germinal center?

A
  • antigen derived cell proliferation
  • somatic hypermutation
  • pos and neg B cell selection
36
Q

IgG is found where?

A

spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

37
Q

Binding of IgG to bacteria causes:

A
  • agglutinization
  • opsonization
  • activates the classical complement pathway
38
Q

IgM is found where?

A

secondary lymphoid organs

39
Q

Where is its complement activation site?

A

CH4

40
Q

What are the functions of IgM?

A
  • opsonization
  • virus neutralization
  • agglutinizaiton
  • not v. important in inflammation
41
Q

Where is IgA found?

A

body surfaces: intestine, respiratory tract, urinary system, skin and mammary gland

42
Q

What is the major Ig found in external secretions of non-ruminants?

A

IgA

43
Q

Where is IgE found?

A

located under body surfaces

44
Q

IgE binds which receptor on mast cells and basophils?

A

FceRI

45
Q

IgE mainly functions in:

A
  • releases inflammatory molecules from mast cells
  • enhances local defense
  • immunity against parasites
46
Q

What has the shortest half life of all immunoglobulins?

A

IgE

47
Q

Where is IgD mainly found?

A

attached to B cells

48
Q

Which immunoglobulin mediates the link between innate and adaptive immune responses?

A

IgD

49
Q

Allotypes

A

variations in heavy chain genes reflected in structural differences

50
Q

Idiotypes

A

variation in aa sequence of light and heavy chains, of each individual animal

51
Q

What is the sequence of heavy chain series?

A

IgM-IgD-IgG-IgE-IgA

52
Q

What are the B lymphocyte Recombination events?

A
  1. VDJ recombination

2. antigens activiating B cell class witching of heavy chain

53
Q

Primary immune response is dominated by which immunoglobulin?

A

IgM

54
Q

Secondary Immune response is deominated by which IG?

A

IgG

55
Q

Are these CD receptors present on T cells: CD3, 4, 8? T/F

A

T

RUSVM Immunology 2016 (14 decks)

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