vaccines Flashcards
incidence of colds decrease with?
age
vaccines create a fake ____ ?
illness
what does the immune system identify?
when an infection occurs
what is the lag-time between exposure and max response
2-3 days
what cells are targeted
invading cells
what are antibodies
key recognition devices (Y shaped molecules)
what do antibodies stick to
epitopes
body makes many different
antibodies (small amounts)
antibody production is
random
what carries antibodies
B cells
each B cell recognizes 1
epitope
amplified B cells target
invaders
each infection generates
memory cells
as you get older, your body contains more
memory cells
more than ____ of B cells in an adult are memory cells
50%
where do viruses live inside
cells and escape B cells
body makes ??
T cells to destroy viruses
killer T cells recognize
MHC display
helper T cells send
the kill signals
memory cells give you
immunity
how to get the memory without the sickness
need to stimulate the manufacture of memory cells
smallpox mortality rate
20-40%
smallpox disfugured?
70-80%
what does cowpox virus causes
mild disease
vaccination was safer than
variolation
global eradication program began in
1996
where does smallpox exist now
CDC and biological weapons
vaccination scar born before
1972
vaccination stimulates
a disease
body creates memory cells for the
disease
memory cells impart
immunity
pasteur attenuated anthrax bacteria by
heating
influenza affects
5-15%
flu vaccine uses
dead virus
main side effect of influenza
egg allergy
vaccines don’t cause autism
true
what do adjuvants reduce
reduce the need for booster shots
lipid adjuvants discovered in
1970s
body making squalene
is safe
vaccines cause which minor ?
swelling, redness, soreness, fever and dizziness
vaccines from allergic reactions are
rare
the unvaccinated keeps disease alive?
true
reduced vaccination rates are
dangerous
cervical cancer kills
250,000 women each year
HPV is linked to
cancer
what is virus structure
genetic material and capsid (DNA and protein)
what makes a recombinant vaccine
living factory makes capsid peices
benefits outweight the
risks
evolution of vaccines?
18th century = smallpox
19th century = anthrax, rabies, typhoid, chloera, plague
20th century = polio, measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, polio, rabies, hep A and B
vaccines are safe
protect your family
