tobacco Flashcards
what is the most dangerous substance in the world?
tobacco (kills more people than cocaine, homicide, suicide, etc combined)
how much does tobacco kills how many per year in NA?
480,000
what is the life expectancy of a smoker
73 years
what happens if you quit smoking before age 30??
adds 10 years to lifespan
what does smoking count for in health care costs
6-15%
who discovered tobacco
Columbus 1492
what did tobacco used to revive?
drowning victims
cigarette were originally rolled by ???
hand
what reduced production cost
bonsack machine
what reduced harshness of smoke
flue-curing
how did cigarettes become dangerous?
could afford to smoke a lot and smoke brought deep into lungs (flue curing reduced)
average smoker smoked ____ cigarettes each year from 1800’s?
10,000 (inhales) vs 80 (didn’t inhale)
what is the addictive substance
nicotine (2 mg per cig)
how does nicotine work in body?
acts on acetylcholine receptors
what do receptor molecules do
transmit info
how do receptor molecules transmit info
messenger molecule sticks to a complimentary pocket on receptor
messenger binding causes receptor to change shape
new receptor shape triggers other events inside the cell
nicotine is an agonist at
low doses
how does agonists work
send messages without normal messenger
sticks and binds to change shape
nicotine is an antagonist at ????
high doses
what do antagonists do
block chemical messages
what do smokers learn to do
regulate the dose
nicotine stimulates the ??
dopamine release
what is lethal dose of nicotine
60 mg
can nicotine kill large animals
yes
what is the toxic substances in tobacco smoke
carbon monoxide (blocks oxygen transport and damages heart tissue)
what does nicotine stimulate
heart muscle (increases heart attack)
what causes cancer in tobacco smoke
carcinogens - polonium
what does carcinogenicity react
chemicaaly with DNA
who linked cancer to smoking 1919
alton ochsner
lung cancer in 1919 vs 2004?
400 cases vs 190,000 cases
who did tobacco advertising originally target?
men (started for women in 1950s)
who were cigarettes provided free to
soldiers
why did women start smoking
to stay slim
when smokers quit smoking what do they do?
eat more
what does smoking create
wrinkles and ages skin
how many people die from second hand smoke
41,000 a year
what are cigarettes
highly engineered drug delivery device
how is paper designed
control burning by chemical additives and burn rings regulate combustion (filter is decoration)
what are light cigarettes designed for
lab testing
are light and regular cigarettes the same??
yes
Florida sues ????
big tobacco in 1998
what does e-cig do
heater generates an aerosol
what is efluid
flavoured vapor source
what creates the appearance of smoke
solvent droplets
cartridge = ____ cigs?
10
what type of flavour does nicotine have
bitter taste
what are nicotine salts for
replacement
what are salts designed for
replicate fast action of nicotine from cig (may provide harm reduction) FAST
nicotine pods last ???
many hours
is vaping safe?
no
is vaping safer than cigs? (95% harm reduction)
yes bc e-cig only has nicotine, carbonyl compounds and glycols where cigs have more
what makes testing difficult
large number of combos
active ingredients in canabis?
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabidiol
what is side effect of THC
increased appetite (for anorexia) and impairs memory
slows reaction times
why does THC have a long residence time
dissolved in body fat
edible versions now legal??
yes but more problematic for side effects
edibles give a ??
delayed effect
THC solutions _____ when concentrated
thicken because of vitamin E
what is a grey market product
nicotine and cannabis
heavy use may lead to ????
schizophrenia bc THC causes inc in dopamine
marijuana has ?/
cannabidiol
what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?
severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomitinhg
what is delta -8
synthetic cannabinoid
