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tobacco Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most dangerous substance in the world?

A

tobacco (kills more people than cocaine, homicide, suicide, etc combined)

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2
Q

how much does tobacco kills how many per year in NA?

A

480,000

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3
Q

what is the life expectancy of a smoker

A

73 years

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4
Q

what happens if you quit smoking before age 30??

A

adds 10 years to lifespan

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5
Q

what does smoking count for in health care costs

A

6-15%

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6
Q

who discovered tobacco

A

Columbus 1492

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7
Q

what did tobacco used to revive?

A

drowning victims

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8
Q

cigarette were originally rolled by ???

A

hand

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9
Q

what reduced production cost

A

bonsack machine

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10
Q

what reduced harshness of smoke

A

flue-curing

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11
Q

how did cigarettes become dangerous?

A

could afford to smoke a lot and smoke brought deep into lungs (flue curing reduced)

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12
Q

average smoker smoked ____ cigarettes each year from 1800’s?

A

10,000 (inhales) vs 80 (didn’t inhale)

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13
Q

what is the addictive substance

A

nicotine (2 mg per cig)

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14
Q

how does nicotine work in body?

A

acts on acetylcholine receptors

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15
Q

what do receptor molecules do

A

transmit info

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16
Q

how do receptor molecules transmit info

A

messenger molecule sticks to a complimentary pocket on receptor

messenger binding causes receptor to change shape

new receptor shape triggers other events inside the cell

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17
Q

nicotine is an agonist at

A

low doses

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18
Q

how does agonists work

A

send messages without normal messenger

sticks and binds to change shape

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19
Q

nicotine is an antagonist at ????

A

high doses

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20
Q

what do antagonists do

A

block chemical messages

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21
Q

what do smokers learn to do

A

regulate the dose

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22
Q

nicotine stimulates the ??

A

dopamine release

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23
Q

what is lethal dose of nicotine

A

60 mg

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24
Q

can nicotine kill large animals

A

yes

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25
Q

what is the toxic substances in tobacco smoke

A

carbon monoxide (blocks oxygen transport and damages heart tissue)

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26
Q

what does nicotine stimulate

A

heart muscle (increases heart attack)

27
Q

what causes cancer in tobacco smoke

A

carcinogens - polonium

28
Q

what does carcinogenicity react

A

chemicaaly with DNA

29
Q

who linked cancer to smoking 1919

A

alton ochsner

30
Q

lung cancer in 1919 vs 2004?

A

400 cases vs 190,000 cases

31
Q

who did tobacco advertising originally target?

A

men (started for women in 1950s)

32
Q

who were cigarettes provided free to

A

soldiers

33
Q

why did women start smoking

A

to stay slim

34
Q

when smokers quit smoking what do they do?

A

eat more

35
Q

what does smoking create

A

wrinkles and ages skin

36
Q

how many people die from second hand smoke

A

41,000 a year

37
Q

what are cigarettes

A

highly engineered drug delivery device

38
Q

how is paper designed

A

control burning by chemical additives and burn rings regulate combustion (filter is decoration)

39
Q

what are light cigarettes designed for

A

lab testing

40
Q

are light and regular cigarettes the same??

A

yes

41
Q

Florida sues ????

A

big tobacco in 1998

42
Q

what does e-cig do

A

heater generates an aerosol

43
Q

what is efluid

A

flavoured vapor source

44
Q

what creates the appearance of smoke

A

solvent droplets

45
Q

cartridge = ____ cigs?

A

10

46
Q

what type of flavour does nicotine have

A

bitter taste

47
Q

what are nicotine salts for

A

replacement

48
Q

what are salts designed for

A

replicate fast action of nicotine from cig (may provide harm reduction) FAST

49
Q

nicotine pods last ???

A

many hours

50
Q

is vaping safe?

A

no

51
Q

is vaping safer than cigs? (95% harm reduction)

A

yes bc e-cig only has nicotine, carbonyl compounds and glycols where cigs have more

52
Q

what makes testing difficult

A

large number of combos

53
Q

active ingredients in canabis?

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabidiol

54
Q

what is side effect of THC

A

increased appetite (for anorexia) and impairs memory

slows reaction times

55
Q

why does THC have a long residence time

A

dissolved in body fat

56
Q

edible versions now legal??

A

yes but more problematic for side effects

57
Q

edibles give a ??

A

delayed effect

58
Q

THC solutions _____ when concentrated

A

thicken because of vitamin E

59
Q

what is a grey market product

A

nicotine and cannabis

60
Q

heavy use may lead to ????

A

schizophrenia bc THC causes inc in dopamine

61
Q

marijuana has ?/

A

cannabidiol

62
Q

what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

A

severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomitinhg

63
Q

what is delta -8

A

synthetic cannabinoid

drugs (14 decks)

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