Pain

Question 1

per year how much prescription in USA

Answer 1

$470 billion

Question 2

over the counter price

Answer 2

35$ per year (no prescription needed)

Question 3

top OTC meds?

Answer 3

• cough and cold ($8.2 billion)
• pain reliever ($4.1 billion)
• antacid (2.7 billion)
• toothpaste (1.5 billion)
• laxative (1.3 billion)

Question 4

3 important considerations

Answer 4

safety, indication (what to use for and use), counter-indications

Question 5

dose makes the ___ and ____?

Answer 5

drug and poison

Question 6

what is most common OTC drug

Answer 6

pain killers ($4.1 billion)

Question 7

what is salicylates

Answer 7

found in willow trees and Sumerians used for pain and inflammation

also in poplar, beech and wintergreen

Question 8

what is doctrine of signatures?

Answer 8

association between disease and cure (ex ppl who lives near swamps get malaria and willows grow in swamps)

Question 9

willow bark will cure ___ and what is active ingredient?

Answer 9

fever and salicin

Question 10

when was salicylic acid was discovered in

Answer 10

1829

Question 11

salicylic acid is ____ and where does it come from?

Answer 11

analgesic, antipyretic and antiflammatory and comes from coal tar

Question 12

Felix Hoffman

Answer 12

took salicylic acid for pain and suffered from stomach problems

Question 13

process of drug optimization is?

Answer 13

changed the chemical structure and taste less bitter with no stomach irritation (salicylic acid to acetasalicylic acid)

Question 14

aspirin initially sold as ??

Answer 14

sold as a powder

Question 15

what is ASA

Answer 15

acetassalicylic acid (same thing as aspirin)

Question 16

benefits as ASA

Answer 16

pain, fever, inflammation and reduces heart attack risk

Question 17

side effects?

Answer 17

tinnitus ( more than 10 tablets ). stomach irritation, interferes with blood clotting and death

Question 18

ASA is not effective for?

Answer 18

visceral pain

Question 19

what is used to help to protect stomach?

Answer 19

prostaglandins (decreases acid production and increases mucus production)

Question 20

side effects of aspirin

Answer 20

causes acid damage in stomach

Question 21

bufferins?

Answer 21

contains an acid

Question 22

cause vs association

Answer 22

association between 2 things doesn’t mean one thing caused the other

Question 23

cause requires a ??

Answer 23

body of evidence and control experiments

Question 24

phenacetin

Answer 24

both drugs turned to acetaminophen in body (1947)

Question 25

acetaminophen (Tylenol) and stomach irritation?

Answer 25

weak irritation

Question 26

Tylenol

Answer 26

more than 60 tablets = death

Question 27

Tylenol benefits

Answer 27

pain and fever

Question 28

side effect?

Answer 28

liver toxicity

Question 29

ibuprofen 1961

Answer 29

OTC

Question 30

what does it inhibit?

Answer 30

cyclooxygenase (blocks enzyme)

Question 31

benefits?

Answer 31

pain, fever and inflammation

Question 32

side effect

Answer 32

reduced blood clotting and stomach irritation

Question 33

examples of ibuprofen

Answer 33

Advil, naproxen, Motrin

Question 34

top pain relievers in North America?

Answer 34

acetaminophen 43%
ASA 28%
ibuprofen 26%
naproxen 3%

Question 35

which drug prevent heart attacks and rye syndrome

Answer 35

ASA

Question 36

effect of COX-1 inhibition

Answer 36

stomach, and ulcers (harmful)

Question 37

effects of COX-2

Answer 37

reduces pain, inflammation and fever (beneficial)