covid Flashcards
more than ____ viruses cause colds
200
what 7 types of covid are there
4 = mild illness
3 = serious illness
what are examples of the 3 serious illness
SARS or MERS
only ___% cause mild illness>
85
what is ACE2 receptor
protein found on cells in blood vessels and organs
how does the virus enter the body
by ace2 receptor since its airborne
where did covid come from
origin unknown but people thunk its created in a lab
what are the 3 key parts from the virus origin?
virus from bat, pangolin and unknown origin
how does virus occurring from nature work?
2(+) viruses infect same animal at same time and parts of genetic material are exchanged between viruses. then it optimizes itself for survival in a new host
what is wuhan institute of virology
covid research
how long does covid last
2-6 weeks but symptoms may last longer
symptoms?
fatigue, cough, loss of taste/smell, headache, diarrhea, chest, confusionwhat
what can persistence of symptoms cause?
hypertension, obesity, mental health conditions
what are gain-of-function experiments
try to predict which virus will become deadly
how do they predict which virus will become deadly?
creating deadly virus that otherwise wouldn’t exist and try to fix it
first covid gain of function?
reported in 1999
how is tech in 1999 vs 2019 help with covid?
1999:
covid chimeras created in labs
techniques available left traces in genes
could detect genetic manipulation
2019:
covid chimeras created in labs
seamless methods available
could detect genetic manipulation
what are effects of ivermectin
shows in vitro antiviral activity
is ivermectin useful for covid?
no can get ivermectin poisoning
what is pfizer
nirmatrelvir (recent antiviral)
what was nirmatrelvir originally made?
developed for rhinovirus infections
what was operation warp speed
puts money for vaccines and hurried to get out of the pandemic
more than ___% of population has immunity to virus
90
2 ways to get covid?
get covid, get vaccinated
what kills virus
antibodies
how long does it take to make antibodies
several days
how are antibodies formed
spike protein outside of virus
antibodies bind to spike and that gives immunity to covid
what prevents illness
immunity
pros of viral proteins?
established method, highly effective and no risk of infection
cons of viral proteins?
time consuming to develop (>4 years)
proteins difficult to manufacture
requires a custom made factory for each vaccine
what vaccines use mRNA
moderna and pfizer
what are symptoms of pfizer vaccine at injection and systematic
injection: pain, redness and swelling
systematic: fever, fatigue, headache and chills
what is higher in vaccine group
appendicitis, heart attack and stroke
what is higher in placebo group
pneumonia, atrial fibrillation and syncope
vaccine effect _____ over time?
weakens
vaccine approval takes ??
6-18 months
typical vaccine takes _____ years to develop??
10
moderna took how many days of clinical?
took 42 days + 8 months
all mRNA vaccines can be made in _______ factory?
same
