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MD 3 - Paeds > Vaccination and associated disease > Flashcards

Vaccination and associated disease Flashcards

1
Q

transmission of measles

A

airborne, direct contact

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2
Q

what are the 3 conjugate vaccines given to children

A

HiB
pneumococcus
meningicoccal

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3
Q

transmission of HiB

A

droplet

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4
Q

treatment of tetanus

A
  • stop toxin production (wound debridement and metronidazole)
  • neutralize unbound toxin with tetanus Ig
  • supportive therapy
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5
Q

clinical features of varicella

A
  • central rash occurring in crops
  • rash changes from macules to papules to vesicles to crusts
  • significant pruritis
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6
Q

transmission of varicella

A

airborne

direct contact with vesicular fluid

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7
Q

management of polio

A

supportive

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8
Q

treatment of meningicoccal meningitis

A
  • ceftriaxone + flucloxacillin/penicillin

- dexamethasone

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9
Q

common complications of mumps

A

aseptic meningitis
orchitis
oophoritis

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10
Q

transmission of polio

A

foecal-oral

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11
Q

what is the only oral vaccine on the childrens vaccination schedule

A

rotavirus

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12
Q

which vaccines do you give a 4 year old child

A

booster DTP, polio and MMR

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13
Q

clinical features of meningicoccus C

A
  • meningitis - fever, stiff neck, photophoia, headache, purpuric rash, malaise, myalgia, vomiting, headache, arthralgia
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14
Q

complications of getting rubella in utero:

A
  • growth retardation
  • ID
  • blindness
  • deafness
  • CHD
  • cataracts
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15
Q

treatment of diptheria

A
  • diptheria antitoxin

- penicillin G or erythromycin

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16
Q

clinical features of tetanus

A
  • initially presents with painful spasms of masseter muscles - trismus
  • evolves to generalized tetanus
  • can cause respiratory failure
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17
Q

how does polio cause disease

A

invades the spinal cord motor cells and motor neurones of the brainstem –> degeneration
(DOES NOT cause sensory changes)

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18
Q

transmission of pneumococcus

A

droplet

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19
Q

clinical features of diptheria

A
  • pharyngitis
  • low grade fever, malaise
    nasopharyngeal pseudomembranes covering the tonsils and soft palate –> can lead to UAO
  • cervical lymphadenopathy (“bull neck”)
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20
Q

absolute contraindications for vaccination:

A
  • unexplained encephalopathy (post pertussis containing vaccine)
  • anaphylaxis to component of the vaccine
  • for live viruses - immunosuppression, pregnancy
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21
Q

transmission of pertussis

A

droplets

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22
Q

transmission of rubella

A

direct contact, droplets

23
Q

major presentations caused by HiB

A

epiglottis

periorbital cellulitis and fever

24
Q

clinical features of polio

A

paralysis

25
Q

treatment of rotavirus

A

supportive, with particular attention to hydration

26
Q

complications of pertussis

A

hypoxic encephalopathy

27
Q

clinical features of mumps

A

adenitis and swelling of the parotid glands

28
Q

diagnosis of pertussis

A

PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirate

Serology

29
Q

how does tetanus cause disease

A

spores into tissues –> transform into bacilli –> produce toxin –> irreversibly binds to presynaptic neurons to prevent release of GABA –> disinhibition of spinal motor reflexes –> tetany and autonomic hyperactivity

30
Q

which vaccines do you give a 12 month old baby

A

MMR
H. influenza
meningococcal C

31
Q

transmission of Meningococcus C

A

droplet

32
Q

specific reaction to watch out for in children given the rotavirus vaccination

A
  • can get some diarrhoea post vaccination

- small risk of intusussception

33
Q

clinical features of rotavirus

A

severe diarrhoea
vomiting (may proceed diarrhoea)
fever

34
Q

Which other diseases should you rule out before diagnosing measles rash

A

Kawasaki
Steven Johnson syndrome
Other viral exanthems

35
Q

transmission of diptheria

A

droplets or direct contact (disease caused by toxin)

36
Q

prodrome of measles

A
  • 3 C’s = cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis
  • fever
  • Koplik spots
37
Q

specific reaction to watch out for in children given the MMR vaccine

A

fever and rash in 1:10 kids that occurs 7-10 days post vaccination

38
Q

clinical features of rubella

A

maculopapular rash erupting on face and spreading down to neck/trunk

39
Q

treatment of HiB

A

ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin

40
Q

transmission of rotavirus

A

faecal-oral

41
Q

transmission of mumps

A

droplets, direct contact, fomits

42
Q

what is the only live attenuated vaccine given to children

A

rotavius

43
Q

treatment of measles

A

symptomatic

exclude from school for at least 5 days from appearance of the rash

44
Q

clinical features of pertussis

A
  • starts with coryzal illness
  • then paroxysmal coughing and inspiratory “whoop”, with child appearing well between coughing fits (“100 day cough”)
  • vomiting common after coughing
45
Q

8 vaccinations given at 2,4 and 6 months

A 
strep pneumonia
diptheria
tetanus
pertussis
hep B
Hib
poliomyelitis
rotavirus
46
Q

clinical presentation of measles

A

rash - erythematous and blotchy

  • starts at hairline and moves down the body
  • becomes confluent
47
Q

prodrome of rubella

A

fever, headache, respiratory symptoms

48
Q

specific reaction to watch out for in children given the varicella vaccine

A

can get a few vesicular lesions at the local site

49
Q

diagnosis of measles

A

serology or nasopharyngeal aspirate

50
Q

most common diseases caused by pneumococcus

A
  • pneumonia and otitis media = most common

- septicaemia and meningitis - next most common

51
Q

relative contraindications for vaccination:

A
  • acute febrile illness of >38.5 (should still be given if under 38.5)
  • evolving undiagnosed neurological illness
52
Q

treatment of pertussis

A
  • mostly supportive
  • give oxygen if desaturation
  • if very early, give antibiotics to reduce transmission
53
Q

which vaccines do you give a 18 month old baby

A

MMR

varicella

MD 3 - Paeds (18 decks)

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