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MD 3 - Paeds > Vaccination and associated disease > Flashcards

Vaccination and associated disease Flashcards

1
Q

transmission of measles

A

airborne, direct contact

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2
Q

what are the 3 conjugate vaccines given to children

A

HiB
pneumococcus
meningicoccal

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3
Q

transmission of HiB

A

droplet

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4
Q

treatment of tetanus

A
  • stop toxin production (wound debridement and metronidazole)
  • neutralize unbound toxin with tetanus Ig
  • supportive therapy
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5
Q

clinical features of varicella

A
  • central rash occurring in crops
  • rash changes from macules to papules to vesicles to crusts
  • significant pruritis
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6
Q

transmission of varicella

A

airborne

direct contact with vesicular fluid

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7
Q

management of polio

A

supportive

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8
Q

treatment of meningicoccal meningitis

A
  • ceftriaxone + flucloxacillin/penicillin

- dexamethasone

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9
Q

common complications of mumps

A

aseptic meningitis
orchitis
oophoritis

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10
Q

transmission of polio

A

foecal-oral

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11
Q

what is the only oral vaccine on the childrens vaccination schedule

A

rotavirus

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12
Q

which vaccines do you give a 4 year old child

A

booster DTP, polio and MMR

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13
Q

clinical features of meningicoccus C

A
  • meningitis - fever, stiff neck, photophoia, headache, purpuric rash, malaise, myalgia, vomiting, headache, arthralgia
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14
Q

complications of getting rubella in utero:

A
  • growth retardation
  • ID
  • blindness
  • deafness
  • CHD
  • cataracts
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15
Q

treatment of diptheria

A
  • diptheria antitoxin

- penicillin G or erythromycin

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16
Q

clinical features of tetanus

A
  • initially presents with painful spasms of masseter muscles - trismus
  • evolves to generalized tetanus
  • can cause respiratory failure
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17
Q

how does polio cause disease

A

invades the spinal cord motor cells and motor neurones of the brainstem –> degeneration
(DOES NOT cause sensory changes)

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18
Q

transmission of pneumococcus

A

droplet

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19
Q

clinical features of diptheria

A
  • pharyngitis
  • low grade fever, malaise
    nasopharyngeal pseudomembranes covering the tonsils and soft palate –> can lead to UAO
  • cervical lymphadenopathy (“bull neck”)
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20
Q

absolute contraindications for vaccination:

A
  • unexplained encephalopathy (post pertussis containing vaccine)
  • anaphylaxis to component of the vaccine
  • for live viruses - immunosuppression, pregnancy
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21
Q

transmission of pertussis

A

droplets

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22
Q

transmission of rubella

A

direct contact, droplets

23
Q

major presentations caused by HiB

A

epiglottis

periorbital cellulitis and fever

24
Q

clinical features of polio

25
treatment of rotavirus
supportive, with particular attention to hydration
26
complications of pertussis
hypoxic encephalopathy
27
clinical features of mumps
adenitis and swelling of the parotid glands
28
diagnosis of pertussis
PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirate | Serology
29
how does tetanus cause disease
spores into tissues --> transform into bacilli --> produce toxin --> irreversibly binds to presynaptic neurons to prevent release of GABA --> disinhibition of spinal motor reflexes --> tetany and autonomic hyperactivity
30
which vaccines do you give a 12 month old baby
MMR H. influenza meningococcal C
31
transmission of Meningococcus C
droplet
32
specific reaction to watch out for in children given the rotavirus vaccination
- can get some diarrhoea post vaccination | - small risk of intusussception
33
clinical features of rotavirus
severe diarrhoea vomiting (may proceed diarrhoea) fever
34
Which other diseases should you rule out before diagnosing measles rash
Kawasaki Steven Johnson syndrome Other viral exanthems
35
transmission of diptheria
droplets or direct contact (disease caused by toxin)
36
prodrome of measles
- 3 C's = cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis - fever - Koplik spots
37
specific reaction to watch out for in children given the MMR vaccine
fever and rash in 1:10 kids that occurs 7-10 days post vaccination
38
clinical features of rubella
maculopapular rash erupting on face and spreading down to neck/trunk
39
treatment of HiB
ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin
40
transmission of rotavirus
faecal-oral
41
transmission of mumps
droplets, direct contact, fomits
42
what is the only live attenuated vaccine given to children
rotavius
43
treatment of measles
symptomatic | exclude from school for at least 5 days from appearance of the rash
44
clinical features of pertussis
- starts with coryzal illness - then paroxysmal coughing and inspiratory "whoop", with child appearing well between coughing fits ("100 day cough") - vomiting common after coughing
45
8 vaccinations given at 2,4 and 6 months
``` strep pneumonia diptheria tetanus pertussis hep B Hib poliomyelitis rotavirus ```
46
clinical presentation of measles
rash - erythematous and blotchy - starts at hairline and moves down the body - becomes confluent
47
prodrome of rubella
fever, headache, respiratory symptoms
48
specific reaction to watch out for in children given the varicella vaccine
can get a few vesicular lesions at the local site
49
diagnosis of measles
serology or nasopharyngeal aspirate
50
most common diseases caused by pneumococcus
- pneumonia and otitis media = most common | - septicaemia and meningitis - next most common
51
relative contraindications for vaccination:
- acute febrile illness of >38.5 (should still be given if under 38.5) - evolving undiagnosed neurological illness
52
treatment of pertussis
- mostly supportive - give oxygen if desaturation - if very early, give antibiotics to reduce transmission
53
which vaccines do you give a 18 month old baby
MMR | varicella

MD 3 - Paeds (18 decks)

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