Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MD 3 - Paeds > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

treatment of ASD

A
  • 80% close spontaneously

- large defects should be closed surgically before school age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

typical murmur and heart sounds of an ASD

A
  • ejection systolic murmur, loudest in the left upper sternal border
  • fixed splitting of S2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which heart defects are associated with Noonan’s syndrome

A

Pulmonary stenosis

pulmonary branch stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sx of cardiac failure in infants

A
  • feeding difficulties
  • early fatiguability
  • diaphoresis while sleeping/eating
  • respiratory distress
  • lethargy
  • FTT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

treatment of a patient with coarctation of the aorta

A
  • medical - prostaglandin E2 in neonates (to reopen the ductus arteriosus)
  • surgery or catheter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which major congenital heart diseases cause high pulmonary blood flow

A

ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect
patent ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

at what age is the most likely time you will hear a Still’s murmur

A

2-6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

classic venous hum murmur

A
  • low pitch continuous murmur
  • maximal over the upper sternal edges, but often R>L
  • louder when erect
  • quieter when head turned away or jugular vein compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which Congenital heart disease is associated with fixed splitting of S2

A

atrial septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the figure 3 sign is suggestive of

A

coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 main types of innocent murmur

A

still’s murmur
pulmonary flow murmur
branch pulmonary stenosis
venous hum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 key findings on examination of a child in heart failure

A

tachycardia
tachypnoea
cardiomegaly
hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 components of tetralogy of fallot

A
  • ventricular septal defect
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • over-ride of the aortic valve
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

haemodynamic consequence of TOF

A

right to left shunting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment of TGA

A
  • prostaglandins to maintain ductal patency
  • balloon atrial septostomy ASAP
  • arterial switch surgery in first 2 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which congenital heart disease is associated with a delay in P2

A

pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which VSD location has the highest rate of spontaneous closure

A

muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 locations that a VSD can be in

A

perimembranous
muscular
double committed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

innocent murmurs always:

A
  • are systolic
  • vary with position
  • vary with respiration
  • have normal heart sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the Eisenmenger complex

A

pulmonary vascular resistance changes caused by CHD may be irreversible at ~1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

main DDx you want to exclude when you think you hear a venous hum

A

patent ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

typical heart sounds of a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus

A
  • continuous machinery murmur that obliterates the second heart sound heart best below the left clavicle
23
Q

at what age is the most likely time you will hear a pulmonary flow murmur

A

children-adolescents

24
Q

at what age is the most likely time you will hear a branch pulmonary stenosis murmur

25
classic murmur and heart sounds of pulmonary stenosis
- ejection systolic murmur with an ejection click, loudest at the left upper sternal edge - radiation to back - delay in P2
26
classic branch pulmonary stenosis murmur
- systolic murmur radiating to the axilla and back
27
management includes prostaglandin infusion and balloon atrial septosomy
TGA
28
which VSD location has the lowest rate of spontaneous closure
double committed
29
haemodynamic consequence of a large VSD
volume loading of the left ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow --> decreased pulmonary compliance --> increased WOB
30
which heart defects are associated with Down syndrome
AVSD | VSD
31
classic still's murmur
- musical hum - early to mid systolic - crescendo then decrescendo - maximal over the LLSE - disappears when erect and audible when erect
32
when would you give medical treatment over surgical treatment for a large VSD
usually to defer surgery in very small infants until slightly older
33
which heart defects are associated with Turner's syndrome
coarctation of the aorta
34
2 major cyanotic congenital heart diseases
tetralogy of fallot | transposition of the great arteries
35
clinical presentation of TGA
severe progressive cyanosis developing over first days of life
36
typical clinical presentation of a patient with coarctation of the aorta
- tachypnoea - weak or absent femoral pulses - radio-femoral delay - classic murmur - marked discrepancy between BP of arms and legs
37
classical murmur and heart sounds of a ventricular septal defect
- harsh pan-systolic murmur heart best over the left lower sternal border - thrill
38
which congenital heart disease has associations with other heart defects
coarctation of the aorta
39
typical murmur and heart sounds of a patient with coarctation of the aorta
- continuous murmur heard over the back
40
treatment of pulmonary stenosis
first line - catheter | second line - surgery
41
treatment of a PDA
- medical = indomethacin in a premature infant - majority will close spontaneously - surgery for symptomatic infant
42
classic pulmonary flow murmur
- ejection to mid systolic - medium to high pitch - maximal over the 2-3rd intercostal in the LUSE
43
treatment of TOF
always surgical
44
common location for an atrial septal defect
in the region of the fossa ovalis
45
clinical presentation of TOF
- intermittent cyanosis over 6-12 months often not obvious in newborn period - hypercapnic spells
46
typical murmur and heart sounds of TOF
- Harsh ejection systolic murmur audible at the left sternal edge radiating to the back - second heart sound is often quite loud
47
which heart defects are associated with foetal alcohol syndrome
ASD VSD TOF
48
typical clinical presentation of a patient with an ASD
- not until the 3rd or 4th decade | - Right heart symptoms
49
typical clinical presentation of a large PDA
- present around 4 weeks - weight gain - tachypnoea - collapsing pulses - wide pulse pressure
50
which Congenital heart disease murmurs can be heart on the back
coarctation pulmonary stenosis TOF
51
which congenital heart disease is the most common
ventricular septal defect
52
haemodynamic consequence of an ASD
volume loading of the right ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow --> decreased pulmonary compliance --> increased WOB
53
pulmonary flow murmurs need to be further investigated to rule out which DDx
pulmonary stenosis | atrial septal defect

MD 3 - Paeds (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions