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MD 3 - Paeds > Gastro-intestinal and GU > Flashcards

Gastro-intestinal and GU Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of classical coeliac disease in children

A
  • anorexia, weight loss
  • abdominal distension and wasting
  • chronic diarrhoea
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2
Q

AB treatment of UTI (NO associated pyelonephritis)

A

trimethoprim OR cephalexin

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3
Q

enuresis is usually caused by a combination of which 3 things

A
  • high nocturnal urine production
  • small nocturnal functional bladder capacity
  • poor arousal from sleep to a full bladder
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4
Q

mainstay treatment of enuresis

A

bed wetting alarms

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5
Q

what are the 2 major complications of dysfunctional voiding and overactive bladder

A
  • increased UTI risk

- detrusor hypertrophy and hyperplasia –> small capacity bladder –> elevated bladder pressures and VU reflux

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6
Q

when do children usually grow out of cows milk allergy

A

proctitis and enteropathy - 6-12 months

enterocolitis - 3-4 years

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7
Q

symptoms of GORD in infants

A
  • pronounced irritability
  • refusal to feed
  • weight loss
  • haematemasis
  • chronic cough
  • apnoea
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8
Q

potential complications of bacterial gastroenteritis

A
  • bacteraemia
  • secondary infection –> pneumonia, ostemyelitis, meningitis
  • Reiter’s syndrome
  • HUS
  • Gullain-Barre
  • reactive arthropathy
  • haemorrhagic colitis
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9
Q

difference between monosymptomatic and nonmonosymptomatic enuresis

A
  • mono - night wetting without daytime urinary Sx

- nonmono - night wetting + any daytime lower urinary tract symptoms

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10
Q

how do you diagnose dysfunctional voiding or overactive bladder

A

uroflow

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11
Q

reflux in infants peaks at what age

A

3-4 months

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12
Q

clinical presentation of cows milk induced proctitis

A

well baby
mild diarrhoea
small amounts of bloody stools

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13
Q

difference between reflux and GORD

A

GORD leads to long term compications

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14
Q

3 features on histology of coeliac disease

A

villour atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
raised intra-epithelial lymphocytosis

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15
Q

treatment of Clostridium difficile

A

vancomycin or metronidazole

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16
Q

definition of enuresis

A

wetting while asleep after age 5

17
Q

pharmacological treatment of enuresis

A
  • desmopressin

- anticholinergics - if overactive bladder

18
Q

clinical presentation of cows milk induced enteropathy

A 
unwell miserable baby
vomiting
chronic diarrhoea
abdominal distension 
FTT
oedema
19
Q

what is the most common age of Coeliac disease presentation in children

A

9-18 months

20
Q

risk factors for UTI in childhood

A
  • previous UTI
  • structural abnormality of the renal tract
  • vesico-ureteric reflux
  • strong family history
21
Q

most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children

A

rotavirus

22
Q

AB treatment of suspected pyelonephritis

A

benzyl penicillin + gentamycin

23
Q

clinical presentation of cows milk induced enterocolitis

A 
acutely unwell baby
profuse vomiting 2-4 hours after ingestion
abdominal distension
bloody diarrhoea
FTT
\+/- CVS collapse
24
Q

3 manifestations of cows milk protein allergy and what ages doe they normally occur

A

proctitis - early infancy
enteropathy - early infancy
enterocolitis - from weeks to months of age

25
Q

what is the major cause of encopresis

A

functional faecal retention secondary to fear of defecation –> hyposensitivity to signals –> intermittent relaxation of external anal sphincter –> overflow and unexpected faecal leakage

26
Q

risk factors for GORD in children

A

cerebral palsy
down syndrome
CF
upper GI malformations

27
Q

difference between primary and secondary enuresis

A
  • primary = never have been dry continuously for at least 6 months
  • secondary = have relapsed after a period of dryness of at least 6 months
28
Q

when should you perform an ultrasound on a child with a UTI

A
  • not responding to AB
  • ## all boys
29
Q

antibodies associated with coeliac disease

A

anti-transglutaminase

anti-gliadin

30
Q

which cancer is associated with untreated coeliac disease

A

intestinal enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma

31
Q

definition of encopresis

A

faecal incontinence in a child >4 years at least once per month for 3 months

32
Q

what are some tips to help parents with reflux in their infants

A
  • place baby in prone position after feeding
  • avoid over-feeding
  • avoid aerophagia
  • try small more frequent feeds
33
Q

what is special about the timing of adenovirus gastroenteritis

A

the diarrhoea can last >14 days

MD 3 - Paeds (18 decks)

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