ENT Flashcards
most common bacteria to cause otitis meda
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis
complications of acute otitis media
- TM perforation
- serous otitis media “glue ear”
- febrile convulsion
- facial nerve palsy
- lateral sinus thrombosis
- mastoiditis
when should you consider AB for a child with otitis media with effusion
for symptomatic cases that have not resolves in 3 months
definition of quisy
cellulitis of space behind tonsillar capsule extending onto soft palate leading to abscess formation
what do you see on otosocopy in a child with otitis media with effusion
- meniscus fluid level behind the TM
- air bubble
- amber/dull TM
clinical presentation of epiglottitis
4 D’s = drooling, dysphagia, dysphona, distress
- toxic appearance
- stridor
- high fever
what are the causes of persistent lymph node enlargement
- atopic eczema
- chronic infection
- malignancy - lymphoma, leukaemia
- rheumatological - juvenile chronic arthritis, SLE
lymph node enlargement characteristic of bacterial infection
- large nodes >10mm
- tender
- may be fluctuant
- most often on anterior part of neck
- often assoc with fever, warm, erythematous overlying skin
complications of quinsy
- aspiration pneumonia secondary to spontaenous rupture of abscess
- airway obstruction
- bacteraemia
- retropharyngeal abscess
lymph node enlargement characteristic of viral infection
- small
- firm
- non-tender
definition of epiglottitis
acute inflammation of the supraglottic region of the oropharynx
when should you consider giving AB for otitis media
- less than 12 months old
- Unwell for beyond 24-48 hours
signs that point to bacterial pharyngitis over viral
- fever
- tonsillar exudate
- tender enlarged cervical lymph nodes
- absence of cough
typical triad of presentation in quinsy
trismus
uvular deviation
dysphonia
things you see on otoscopy in a child with acute otitis media
tympanic membrane dull and opaque
bulging tM
loss of light reflex
