Endocrinology

Question 1

in terms of fontanelles, what signs are indicative of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 1

large anterior fontanelle

persistent posterior fontanelle

Question 2

biochemical diagnosis of DKA

Answer 2

• hyperglycaemia of more than 14mmol/L
• metabolic acidosis (pH less than 7.3 or bicarbonate less than 15)
• hyperketonaemia or ketonuria

Question 3

antibodies causing T1DM

Answer 3

AntiGAD

anti-islet

Question 4

main 2 causes of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 4

absent thyroid

thyroid arrested in line of normal descent

Question 5

management of DKA

Answer 5

• ABCD
• Fluid resuscitation
• potassium replacement
• insulin
• alternate normal saline and potassium with dextrose 5%

Question 6

main clinical Sx of acquired hypothyroidism

Answer 6

poor growth with relatively excess weight for height