kidneys

Question 1

management of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

prednisolone
phenoxymethylpenicillin (to cover for strep infection)
aspirin

Question 2

treatment of HUS

Answer 2

supportive

DO NOT give steroids or antibiotics

Question 3

what is nephritic syndrome

Answer 3

glomerulonephritis leading to haematuria

Question 4

definition of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

• proteinuria >40mg/m2 per hour
• generalised oedema
• hypo-albuminaemia
• hypercholesterolaemia

Question 5

definition of proteinuria

Answer 5

• 24 hour collection of >150mg/day

- spot collection of protein:creatinine

Question 6

what is the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 6

minimal change disease

Question 7

complications of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 7

sepsis
symptomatic hypovolaemia
symptomatic oedema (eg. pleural effusions)
thromboembolism

Question 8

definition of haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 8

simultaneous occurrence of the triad of:
- non-immune microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
- thrombocytopaenia
- acute renal injury
Caused by Shiga toxin

Question 9

what test is diagnostic of HUS

Answer 9

shistocytes on peripheral blood smear

Question 10

first clinical sign of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 10

oedema - usually of the face

Question 11

age range of majority of patients that get minimal change disease

Answer 11

2-10