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MD 3 - Paeds > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

empirical AB therapy for suspected sepsis in an infant with and without a LP result yet

A

unknown LP = flucloxacillin + ceftriaxone

-ve LP = gentamycin

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2
Q

definition of celluitis

A

infection of deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

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3
Q

chronic complications of rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic valvular heart disease

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4
Q

criteria for admission for burns

A
  • > 10% TBSA
  • specific locations (perineum, face, hands, circumferential)
  • co-morbidities
  • circumferential burns
  • all full thickness burns
  • all chemical, electrical and inhalation burns
  • those
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5
Q

clinical features of post strep glomerulonephritis

A

ranges from asymptomatic to nephritic syndrome

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6
Q

describe the difference between mid-dermal and deep dermal burns

A

mid dermal - sensation intact, capillary refill varies, heals without grafting
deep dermal - sensation dulled, capillary refill absent, may require grafting

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7
Q

treatment of impetigo

A

topical - mupirocin

systemic - flucloxacillin

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8
Q

most common age for poisoning

A

1-3 years

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9
Q

clinical features of necrotising fasciitis

A
  • fever
  • pain
  • constitutional unwellness out of proportion to cutaneous signs
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10
Q

what are the endocrine effects of pain

A

increased cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline and BSL

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11
Q

definition of ALTE

A

an episode that is frightening to the observer and is characterised by some combination of:

  • apnoea
  • colour change
  • change in muscle tone
  • choking or gagging
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12
Q

3 specific complications of group A streptococcal infection

A

scarlett fever
rheumatic fever
acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

at what total body surface area burn do you put in a naso-gastric tube

A

> 10% TBSA

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14
Q

pathogenesis of post-strep glomerulonephritis

A

antigen-antibody mediated complement activation causing diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

when should a baby have the capacity to sleep through the night without a feed

A

6 months

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16
Q

HEADSSS

A 
H - home
E - education/eating/exercise/employment
A - activities/peer relationships
D - drugs/alcohol/smoking
S - sexuality
S - suicide
S - safety
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17
Q

treatment of post strep glomerulonephritis

A

fluid and sodium restriction

frusemide

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18
Q

timing of Rheumatic fever

A

2-4 weeks after GAS pharyngitis

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19
Q

3 ways to investigate for food allergy

A

skin prick test
serum specific IgE
food challenge

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20
Q

treatment of rheumatic fever

A
  • penicillin - eradicate GAS -carriage

- prednisone if severe carditis

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21
Q

what are the 8 major food groups causing allergy

A 
peanuts
tree nut allergy
shellfish
milk
soy
fish
wheat
eggs
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22
Q

which AB has an increased risk of causing Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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23
Q

role of dextrose in maintenance fluids

A
  • helps distribute water throughout all compartments of the body (free water)
  • prevents hypotonic solutions causing haemolysis
  • prevents hypoglycaemia and ketosis
  • minimal nutritional value
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24
Q

name the 4 pain rating scales for children

A
  • Wong-Baker faces
  • numeric (0-10)
  • behavioural (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability - 10)
  • behavioural/physiological changes
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25
describe the appearance of a full thickness burn
waxy colour | leathery and charred
26
difference between SUDI and SIDS
SUDI - describes an unexpected and sudden death in an infant SIDS - describes a sudden unexpected death in an infant where you are unable to determine the cause of death after vigorous investigation
27
what are the primitive reflexes you should test for in an infant
``` rooting suck moro parachute grasp +/- stepping ```
28
clinical features of scarlett fever
- high fever - sandpaper rash, desquamates - acute pharyngitis - either a few days before the rash or concurrently
29
empirical AB therapy for suspected sepsis in a child (not infant)
ceftriaxone + flucloxacillin
30
describe the distribution of scarlett fever rash
starts on the head and neck with perioral sparing and then moves to trunk and then extremities - marked in skin folds and pressure points - palms and soles spared
31
average sleep requirements at 1 year
13.5h/day
32
management of scalded skin syndrome
IV flucloxacillin + clindamycin fluids supportive skin care
33
management of cellulitis
flucloxacillin or cephalexin
34
pharmacological treatment for iron overdose
desferrioxamine
35
initial hospital care of burns (10)
- incident details, and time of burn - assess TBSA% and depth - ABCDE, secondary survey - analgesia - tubes - IDC, NG - tetanus - documentation and transfer - wound care - dressings
36
difference between night terrors and nightmares
night terrors = child is still asleep, begins with a scream | nightmares = wake the child up from sleep
37
what are some non-pharmacological pain relief techniques
``` diversion controlled breathing comforting touch imagination giving information relaxation ```
38
most common age group to get post strep glomerulonephritis
4-8
39
how do you work out the volume of maintenance fluid for children
2/3 of 4,2,1 rule (max 100ml/hour)
40
what causes torticollis
shortened SCM muscle
41
4 types of child abuse/neglect
physical emotional neglect sexual
42
what is the recommended dose of nebulised adrenaline for anaphylaxis in children
5mg (5mls of 1:1000)
43
At what time of the night do sleep walking/night terrors occur
First ⅓ (usually during transition from NREM3/4 to another sleep stage)
44
when do you put in an IDC in a patient with burns- if perineal burns
- if resus fluids required (>10% TBSA) | - if perineal burns
45
average sleep requirements at 2-3 months
15 hours
46
At what total body surface area burn do you commence fluid resuscitation
>10-15%
47
pathogenesis of scarlett fever
delayed type skin reactivity to exotoxin from the plasmid of GAS bacteraemia causing widespread T cell activation
48
definition of excessive crying in an infant/colic
>3 hours/day for >3 days
49
complications of torticollis
hemihypoplasia
50
presumed pathogenesis of ALTEs
exaggerated physiological airway protection reflexes
51
how do you work out the volume of fluid to give a child to replace fluid deficit
estimate the volume from weight loss and hydration status
52
common age for sleep walking
8-12
53
describe the sensation, capillary refill and healing of a full thickness burn
sensation absent absent capillary refill requires grafting for healing
54
diagnosis of post strep glomerulonephritis
- elevated serum antibody titres against streptococcal antigens - low serum complement
55
what is the peak age for SIDS
3 months
56
what causes scalded skin syndrome
exfoliative toxin of staphylococcus aureus
57
at what age does crying usually peak
6-8 weeks
58
what is the triple hypothesis of SIDS
SIDS may be the coming together of: - intrinsic vulnerability - potentially vulnerable development stage - final insult that would not on its own be fatal
59
how do you work out the volume of resuscitation fluid for children
10-20ml/kg
60
first aid for burns (7)
- remove heat source - apply cool running water for >20 minutes - cover person to guard against hypothermia - cover the burn in cling film - chemical/eye burns should be irrigated with copious volumes of cold water - leave blisters intact - call ambulance
61
diagnosis of rheumatic fever
evidence of previous GAS infection and either 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria
62
what is the special extra things you do for a circumferential burn
elevate! frequent vascular obs ?escharotomy referral!
63
common age for night terrors
4-8
64
what is the recommended dose of IM adrenaline given for acute anaphylaxis
0.01mg/kg (max dose 0.5mg)
65
clinical features of orbital cellulitis
opthalmoplegia proptosis decreased acuity headache
66
what are the body %s in a child for burns
``` front - 18% back - 18% arms front and back - 9% each arm legs front and back - 14% each leg head - 18% ```
67
average sleep requirements at birth
16 hours
68
definition of necrotising fasciitis
rapidly spreading infection of deep layer of superficial fascia

MD 3 - Paeds (18 decks)

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