Neuro Flashcards
AB treatment of bacterial meningitis in children less than and greater than 2 months
less than - cefotazime and benzylpenicillin
greater than - ceftriaxone and dexamethasone
definition of a SIMPLE febrile convulsion
generalised, tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes with complete recovery and do not reoccur within the same febrile illness
typical LP of TB meningitis
Neutrophils less than 100 Lymphocytes 50-1000 High protein 1-5 Low glucose (less than 0.3) (Same as bacterial except neutrophils are lower)
which organism is the most likely to cause death from meningitis
pneumococcus
what makes a febrile convulsion COMPLEX
presence of one of the following:
- focal features at onset or during the seizure
- duration of more than 15 minutes
- reccurs within the same febrile illness
- have incomplete recovery within 1 hour
what are Kernig’s and Bruzinski’s sign
Kernig's = hip flexion with an extended knee causes pain in the back and legs Bruzinski's = forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hip
typical LP of viral meningitis
low neutrophils (less than 100)
High lymphocytes (10-10000)
Protein low/normal
Glucose usually normal
definition of status epilepticus
A convulsion involving the respiratory musculature and upper airways that does not cease within a few minutes may cause hypoventilation with hypoxaemia and hypercarbia
typical LP of bacterial meningitis
high neutrophils Protein higher (over 1.0) glucose low (less than 0.4)
gram stains of the 3 most common organisms to cause meningitis in children >2 months
pneumococcus - gram positive diplococcus
N. meningitides - gram negative diplococcus
HiB - gram negative rod
definition of a febrile convulsion
a convulsion in a child in the setting of an acute febrile illness, without previous afebrile seizures, significant prior neurological abnormality and no CNS infection
