uworld8 Flashcards

1
Q

most common electrolyte abnormality in alcoholism

A

hypomagnesemia

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2
Q

how does hypomagnesemia lead to refractory hypokalemia (hard to replace)?

A

Mg typically inhibits K secretion in collecting tubules

low Mg–> more K secreted

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3
Q

how does TPN lead to gallstones?

A

gallbladder stasis- no stimulation in duodenum of CCK

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4
Q

gallstones typically obstruct which duct?

A

cystic duct

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5
Q

common causes of transudative pleural effusions

A

CHF
cirrhosis
nephrotic syn
PD

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6
Q

common causes of exudative pleural effusions

A

connective tissue disorders
malignancy
infections
PE

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7
Q

coarse facial features
carpal tunnel
uncontrolled hypertension
arthralgias

think…

A

acromegaly

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8
Q

testing acromegaly

A

IGF-1 (constant throughout the day, unlike GH)

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9
Q

symptoms of cirrhosis d/t portal HTN

A

esophageal/anorectal varices
splenomegaly
Ascites
caput medusae

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10
Q

sxs of cirrhosis d/t hyperestrinism

A

spider angioma
palmar erythema
gynecomsatia
testicular atrophy

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11
Q

why does cirrhosis lead to hyperestrinism?

A

impaired p450–> impaired metabolism of estrogen

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12
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda

A

photosensitive skin with vesicles

commonly seen in Hep C

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13
Q

cryoglubinemia syndrome

A

palpable purpura
arthralgias
glomerulonephritis
low complement levels

can be seen in hep C

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14
Q

best test for acute diverticulities

A

abdominal CT

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15
Q

how does anticholinergic activity cause urinary retention?

A

impaired detrusor contraction

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16
Q

when should patients with graves use methimazole vs radioactive iodine?

A

meth: mild
radioactive: moderate-severe