uworld8 Flashcards
most common electrolyte abnormality in alcoholism
hypomagnesemia
how does hypomagnesemia lead to refractory hypokalemia (hard to replace)?
Mg typically inhibits K secretion in collecting tubules
low Mg–> more K secreted
how does TPN lead to gallstones?
gallbladder stasis- no stimulation in duodenum of CCK
gallstones typically obstruct which duct?
cystic duct
common causes of transudative pleural effusions
CHF
cirrhosis
nephrotic syn
PD
common causes of exudative pleural effusions
connective tissue disorders
malignancy
infections
PE
coarse facial features
carpal tunnel
uncontrolled hypertension
arthralgias
think…
acromegaly
testing acromegaly
IGF-1 (constant throughout the day, unlike GH)
symptoms of cirrhosis d/t portal HTN
esophageal/anorectal varices
splenomegaly
Ascites
caput medusae
sxs of cirrhosis d/t hyperestrinism
spider angioma
palmar erythema
gynecomsatia
testicular atrophy
why does cirrhosis lead to hyperestrinism?
impaired p450–> impaired metabolism of estrogen
porphyria cutanea tarda
photosensitive skin with vesicles
commonly seen in Hep C
cryoglubinemia syndrome
palpable purpura
arthralgias
glomerulonephritis
low complement levels
can be seen in hep C
best test for acute diverticulities
abdominal CT
how does anticholinergic activity cause urinary retention?
impaired detrusor contraction