uworld7 Flashcards

1
Q

what should you think of when: leukocytosis, fever, left upper quadrant pain

A

splenic abscess

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2
Q

treatment for splenic abscess

A

splenectomy

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3
Q

what diseases of hyperthyroidism if radioactive iodine test is diffuse vs localized?

A

diffuse: Graves
local: toxic adenoma, multinodular goiter

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4
Q

pathophys of toxic adenoma

A

autonomous production of thyroid hormones from the hyperplastic follicular cells

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5
Q

pathophys of graves

A

thyroid stimulating antibody induced activation of TSH on thyroid follicular cells

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6
Q

which murmur causes exertional syncope

A

aortic stenosis

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7
Q

treatment of uric acid stones

A

hydration
alkalinization- oral potassium citrate
low purine diet

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8
Q

most common cause of MR in developed countries

A

MVP

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9
Q

initial management for spinal cord compression

A

glucocorticoids

MRI

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10
Q

how does pharmacological stress test work with adenosine or dipyrimidole?

A

cause coronary vasodilation–> magnifying the difference between obstructed vs nonobstructed coronary arteries shown in radioactive isotope scan

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11
Q

patient has SOB, dry cough, fine crackles in absence of smoking. think…

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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12
Q

how do beta agonists affect K?

A

cause K shift into cells –> hypokalemia

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13
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

GI losses- diarrhea, vomiting

renal potassium wasting- diuretics, hyperaldosteronism

K shift into cells- beta agonists, insulin,

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14
Q

treatment of subacute thyroiditis

A

beta blockers, NSAIDS for symptomatic relief

self limiting post-viral

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15
Q

timing of onset of symptoms- uri vs flu

A

uri- gradual

flu- abrupt

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16
Q

treat HIV patients with PPD’s greater than how much

A

5 mm

17
Q

who gets treatment for TB with a PPD > 10mm?

A

high risk for TB- immigrants, medical personnel, IV drug users,

18
Q

what size on PPD do healthy people get treated for TB

A

15 mm

19
Q

treatment for latent TB

A

lsoniazid

pyridoxine- prevent ISN-induced neuropathy

20
Q

treatment for pericarditis (dressler)

A

NSAIDS

21
Q

when someone has medullary thyroid cancer, what should immediately think?

A

MEN syndrome- 2A and 2B

22
Q

MEN 1

A

hyperparathyroidism

pituitary tumors

pancreatic tumors- esp gastrinoma

23
Q

MEN 2A

A

medullary thyroid cancer

pheochromocytoma

parathyroid hyperplasia

24
Q

MEN 2B

A

medullary thyroid cancer

pheochromocytoma

mucosal neuromas/marfanoid habitus

25
Q

left sided heart failure affects SVR how?

A

increases SVR

26
Q

side effect of increased dose of nitroprusside

A

cyanide toxicity- lactic acidosis, seizure, coma

27
Q

when do you use nitroprusside

A

hyptertensive emergency- vasodilator - quick onset!

28
Q

when does etoh-withdrawal seizure happen?

A

12-48 hours