resp Flashcards
causes of VQ mismatch
PE
asthma, COPD
ILD
does vq mismatch improve with supplemental O2?
yes
causes of shunt
Pulm: ARDS, Pulmonary edema, atlectasis/pneumonia, blood, pus, pulmonary AVM
Card: PFO, ASD, VSD
does shunt improve with supp O2?
no
causes of diffusion perfusion impairment
occasionally in cirrhosis, dilated capillaries
mechanisms of hypoxia
VQ mismatch shunt diffusion impairment diffusion-perfusion impairment hypoventilation altitude decreased FiO2
do normal people desaturate in peak exercise intensity?
no
what does a higher Aa gradient indicate?
implies disease decreases efficiency of oxygen transfer from atm to arterial circulation
Aa gradient equation
= (150 - paCO2/0.8) - paO2
= 100 = pO2
when do you give steroids for PJP?
Aa>35
causes of increased dead space
decreased perfusion:
PE
Pulm HTN
Volume depletion
increased alveolar pressure:
PEEP
emphysema
treatment of AV nodal block-
first degree and second degree, type I- nothing
second segree type II, and third: pacemaker
causes of AV nodal block
first degree: meds usually (beta blockers)
else: ischemic heart disease
name accessory muscles to breathe
scalenes
trapezius
SCM
abdominal muscles
sampter’s triad
aspirin allergy
asthma
nasal polyps
