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SMART 1 > Uworld Test Review > Flashcards

Uworld Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Recent trauma, symmetric pulmonary opacities and normal heart is suggestive of

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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2
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the inflammation of

A
  1. Aveolar pneumocyte

2. pulmonary endothelium damage

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3
Q

The most common bone tumor associated with Paget’s disease of the bone is

A

Osteosarcoma

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4
Q

When osteoclast fails to absorb bone, there by impairing bone modeling and remodeling leads to

A

Osteopetrosis

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5
Q

Common abnormal sensation of foreign body, tightness in the throat. Often worse when swallowing saliva and alleviated with food or liquid is

A

Globus sensation

globus hystericus or globus pharyngeus

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6
Q

Patient with fever, nonproductive cough, myalgia, clear lungs and sick contact at work most likely has

A

Influenza

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7
Q

Medication for Influenza A and B will be

A

Oseltamivir– work by inhibiting viral particle release

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8
Q

The presence of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pairs on gel electrophoresis is known as

A

DNA laddering

sensitive indicator of Apoptosis

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9
Q

Absence of DNA fragments on electrophoresis explains

A

Evasion of Apoptosis

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10
Q

Lymphoid malignancies (eg. follicular B cell lymphoma) often evade program cell death by over-expressing

A

BCL 2 (antiapoptotic protein)

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11
Q

What medication competitively inhibits Muscarinic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle leading to smooth muscle relaxation

A

Atropine

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12
Q

Diazepam infusion in an older person over 50 years will lead to

A

Confusion

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13
Q

Fever, dry skin and mucous membrane, flushing, mydriasis and cycloplegia and altered mental status are signs of

A 
Anticholinergic syndrome
(Atropine Overdose)
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14
Q

A drug of abuse that causes anticholinergic syndrome

A

Jimson weed

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15
Q

Genetic mutation that is present in the offspring of normal parents is

A

Germline mosaicism

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16
Q

What is a daily activity to be carried out by a patient with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

A

Daily foot inspection for signs of trauma or infection

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17
Q

Cytokine exclusively produced by lymphocytes

A

IL-2

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18
Q

Which proteins bind epithelial cells together within tissues

A

CADHERINS

eg. demglein, democollins,E-cadherins

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19
Q

Posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur will affect

A

Popliteal artery

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20
Q

Blunt trauma to the lateral knee will injure the

A

Common peroneal nerve

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21
Q

Infection in post cesarean delivery is due to postpartum endometritis. Infection is commonly found in the

A

Uterus

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22
Q

Reacting in a manner that is opposite ones actual feelings

A

Reaction formation

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23
Q

Channeling impulse into socially acceptable behavior

A

Sublimation

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24
Q

Putting unwanted feelings inside to cope with reality

A

Suppression

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25
Q

Facilitating interview technique in which the physician repeats what patient has said either word for word or by paraphrasing is

A

Reflection

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26
Q

In post-nephrectomy the total GFR increase from

A

50% to approximately 80% of its original value

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27
Q

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (eg. sildenafil) increase intracellular concentration of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle of the

A

Corpora cavernosa

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28
Q

Difficulty raising hand above the head and protrusion (winging of medial border of the scapula when the outstretched arm is pushed forward against resistance is caused by

A

Serratus anterior muscle

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29
Q

The most common viral encephalitis that can affect both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients is

A

HSV encephalitis

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30
Q

Chronic alcohol use, confusion, irritability, hematologic and neurological abnormalities is associated with

A

Cobalamin deficiency (B12)

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31
Q

Hematologic abnormalities alone in an elderly alcoholic patient alone is associated with a deficiency in

A

Folate

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32
Q

Acquired autoimmune condition characterized by fluctuating weakness of facial (ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia), periocular (fatigable chewing), bulbar and pelvic girdle muscle is

A

Myasthenia gravis

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33
Q

Myasthenia gravis has a common association with

A

Thymoma

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34
Q

A failed development of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches leading to hypoplastic or absent thymus resulting in candida infection is

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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35
Q

Flow cytometry in DeGeorge syndrome will show

A

Low Cd3+ (T cell) fraction but normal CD20+ (B cell) fraction

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36
Q

Anxiety, episodic headache, sweating, tachycardia and severe paroxysmal hypertension along with adrenal mass are consistent with

A

Pheochromocytoma

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37
Q

Before surgery for Pheochromocytoma what medication should be initiated

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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38
Q

Premature infants are at high risk of intravascular hemorrhage due to

A

Fragility of the germinal matrix

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39
Q

Which medication when given can lead to slowly progressive dyspnea, fever, cough and patchy interstitial infiltration on radiograph

A

Amiodarone

40
Q

A patient suffering from chronic rhinitis, intranasal polyposis and aspirin exacerbated airway disease is due to an increase in

A

Leukotrienes

41
Q

The vast majority of cancers of the head and neck are squamous cell carcinomas and their origin is

A

Ventral Tongue

oral cavity

42
Q

Family member affect by a mutation in a particular gene but show a wide range of clinical symptoms is

A

Variable expressivity

43
Q

After the administration of Nitrates what happens

A

Increase heart rate and decrease end-diastolic left ventricular volume

44
Q

When people with cystic fibrosis show difference in body fluid electrolyte it means the is

A

difference in tissue-specific functioning of CFTR

45
Q

What is the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

End organ resistance to parathyroid hormone

46
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with short stature and short metacarpal and metatarsal bones is

A

Albright hereditary hormone

47
Q

Cirrhosis causes portal hypertension due to distortion of the hepatic vascular bed. The increased pressure in the portal venous system causes

A

Splenic vein hypertension and splenomegaly

48
Q

A bacteria that acquires resistance by decreasing intracellular accumulation of the drug des this by

A

Pumping the drug out of the cell

49
Q

Intracellular messaging abnormality that results in recurrent infections is Bruton agammaglobulinemia. The defective gene involved in on the

A

X chromosome

50
Q

Maple syrup disease is caused by a defect in branched chain alpha keto-acid dehydrogenase complex which is dependent on

A

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

51
Q

Newly transcribed mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes what before the leave the nucleus

A

Splicing

52
Q

If a gene sequence is hybridized with it complementary mature mRNA, loops of unbound DNA will appear representing

A

regions of the gene that code for introns. The loops form because the complimentary mRNA (introns) have been spliced out

53
Q

Achondroplasia is caused by a gain of function mutation which presents with proximal limb shortening with resultant short stature, midface hypoplasia and frontal bossing the defect is is

A

FGFR3 gene mutation

54
Q

What synthesizes/secrets Androgen-binding proteins (ABP) to maintain high levels of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis

A

Sertoli cells

55
Q

A agent that increases the activity of phosphorylase kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver elevating blood glucose levels is

A

Analogue of glucagon which works through Gs

56
Q

What is Red safranin O use to stain

A
  1. Cartilage (collagen II)
  2. Mast cells
  3. Mucin
57
Q

Which structure is most likely to be found in the inguinal canal

A

Round ligament of the uterus

58
Q

Patients suffering from pheochromocytoma have an elevation of

A

Vanillymandelic acid

59
Q

Chronic diarrhea, facial flushing, hypotension and tachycardia are symptoms of CARCINOID SYNDROME. What is the treatment

A

Octreotide ( a somatostatin analog)

60
Q

Dying cells that continue to synthesize many proteins required for apoptosis use

A

INTERNAL RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE to synthesize more apoptotic proteins

61
Q

Which type 2 diabetic medication induces differentiation of preadipocyte into adipocyte and increase glucose transporter -4 expression

A

Thiazolidinedions

eg. Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

62
Q

A chronic, idiopathic inflammatory condition that most frequently involves the terminal ileum and present with abdominal pain, diarrhea and low grade fever is

A

Crohns

63
Q

Biopsy of which area is most helpful in diagnosing crohns

A

Ileum

64
Q

How do you treat confusion in hepatic encephalopathy

A

Intestinal content acidification

65
Q

Increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular failure is characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is caused by

A

Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction

66
Q

Benign uterine smooth muscle tumors that result in venous ectasia (dilation) which can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding

A

Leiomyomas

fibroid

67
Q

Crampy abdominal pain, tenderness to palpation, and bloody stool in the elderly is

A

Ischemic Colitis

68
Q

What is the histological finding seen in ischemic colitis

A

Mucosal hemorrhage, ecchymoses and areas of patchy necrosis

69
Q

Hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting with inappropriately low ketone bodies suggest

A

Impaired beta-oxidation from Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

70
Q

What protein function as a GTP-binding, signal-transducing oncoprotein

A

Ras

71
Q

Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage and is most common with

A

Advancing Age

72
Q

A gram negative bacteria that has a HAPLOID genome and a peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an outer membrane and inner plasma membrane is

A

Ecoli

73
Q

Why should warfarin dose be adjusted in patients who are taking Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

TMP/SMX slows metabolism of warfarin by inhibiting hepatic cytochrom P450

74
Q

Intracellular increase in which substance is responsible for symptomatic relief in Asthma

A

cAMP

75
Q

Bone pain and weakness, limited nutritional intake and low sunlight exposure are highly suggestive of osteomalacia caused by

A

decreased mineralization of OSTEOID

76
Q

Exertional leg pain, dermal atrophy and arterial ulcer are symptoms of

A

Peripheral artery atherosclerosis

77
Q

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder associated with early onset of malignancies. It is caused by a

A

Germ-line mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene

Inactivating mutation affecting 1 allele

78
Q

A virus that replicates in the nucleus using host enzymes belongs to which family

A

PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE

small, non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses with circular double-stranded DNA

79
Q

A dimorphic soil fungus endemic to Mexico and south America that causes asymptomatic infection or mild pneumonia and rarely cause formation of a thin-wall cavity in the lung is

A

Coccidioides immitis

80
Q

Autonomic postganglionic nerve fibers are

A

Unmyelinated nerve fiber

group C nerve fibers

81
Q

Standard error is a measure of variability around the mean. The larger the sample size

A

The smaller the Standard erroe

82
Q

Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus likely belongs to which family

A

Picornavirus

83
Q

Negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belong to

A

Arenaviruses

84
Q

Burning sensation in the mouth, lip dryness atrophy of tongue papillae, alopecia are all caused by

A

Iron deficiency

85
Q

Acute back pain, mono-arthritis and conjunctivitis following a genitourinary infection suggest

A

Reactive arthritis

HLA -B27

86
Q

Neonatal hypotonia, extreme hyperphagia and progressive obesity, hypogonadism and small hands and feet

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

87
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome commonly results from

A

Micro-deletion of paternal chromosome 15q11-13 region or

Maternal uniparental disomy

88
Q

What is associated with Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

Increased testosterone

89
Q

Which drug can cause the pupillary sphincter to constrict

A

Pilocarpine

Direct muscarinic cholinergic agonist

90
Q

A scrotal mass that is palpable on standing but disappears on lying down and light does NOT go through is

A

Varicocele

91
Q

Patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement require long term anticoagulation with

A

Warfarin to reduce risk of thromboembolic complications.

vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor

92
Q

In embryonic development, both melanocyte and germ cells undergo

A

Migration
Melanocyte migrate from neural crest to epidermis
Germ cells migrate from yolk sac to the gonadal ridges

93
Q

Lack of CD40 Ligand expression on CD4+ lymphocyte will show low serum level of

A

IgA and IgG and

Hyper-IgM

94
Q

What medication is used to treat inflammatory conditions caused by TNF-alpha

A

infliximab (a monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha)

95
Q

Low dose aspirin inhibits to prevent platelet aggregation inhibits

A

cyclooxygenase -1

96
Q

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by increase urine out put and decrease urineosmolality. This condition is associated with

A

Increased serum Vasopressin leels

97
Q

Decreasing which cardiogenic parameter will increase contraction velocity

A

Afetrload

SMART 1 (14 decks)

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