Uworld Test Review Flashcards
Recent trauma, symmetric pulmonary opacities and normal heart is suggestive of
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the inflammation of
- Aveolar pneumocyte
2. pulmonary endothelium damage
The most common bone tumor associated with Paget’s disease of the bone is
Osteosarcoma
When osteoclast fails to absorb bone, there by impairing bone modeling and remodeling leads to
Osteopetrosis
Common abnormal sensation of foreign body, tightness in the throat. Often worse when swallowing saliva and alleviated with food or liquid is
Globus sensation
globus hystericus or globus pharyngeus
Patient with fever, nonproductive cough, myalgia, clear lungs and sick contact at work most likely has
Influenza
Medication for Influenza A and B will be
Oseltamivir– work by inhibiting viral particle release
The presence of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pairs on gel electrophoresis is known as
DNA laddering
sensitive indicator of Apoptosis
Absence of DNA fragments on electrophoresis explains
Evasion of Apoptosis
Lymphoid malignancies (eg. follicular B cell lymphoma) often evade program cell death by over-expressing
BCL 2 (antiapoptotic protein)
What medication competitively inhibits Muscarinic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle leading to smooth muscle relaxation
Atropine
Diazepam infusion in an older person over 50 years will lead to
Confusion
Fever, dry skin and mucous membrane, flushing, mydriasis and cycloplegia and altered mental status are signs of
Anticholinergic syndrome (Atropine Overdose)
A drug of abuse that causes anticholinergic syndrome
Jimson weed
Genetic mutation that is present in the offspring of normal parents is
Germline mosaicism
What is a daily activity to be carried out by a patient with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Daily foot inspection for signs of trauma or infection
Cytokine exclusively produced by lymphocytes
IL-2
Which proteins bind epithelial cells together within tissues
CADHERINS
eg. demglein, democollins,E-cadherins
Posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur will affect
Popliteal artery
Blunt trauma to the lateral knee will injure the
Common peroneal nerve
Infection in post cesarean delivery is due to postpartum endometritis. Infection is commonly found in the
Uterus
Reacting in a manner that is opposite ones actual feelings
Reaction formation
Channeling impulse into socially acceptable behavior
Sublimation
Putting unwanted feelings inside to cope with reality
Suppression
Facilitating interview technique in which the physician repeats what patient has said either word for word or by paraphrasing is
Reflection
In post-nephrectomy the total GFR increase from
50% to approximately 80% of its original value
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (eg. sildenafil) increase intracellular concentration of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle of the
Corpora cavernosa
Difficulty raising hand above the head and protrusion (winging of medial border of the scapula when the outstretched arm is pushed forward against resistance is caused by
Serratus anterior muscle
The most common viral encephalitis that can affect both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients is
HSV encephalitis
Chronic alcohol use, confusion, irritability, hematologic and neurological abnormalities is associated with
Cobalamin deficiency (B12)
Hematologic abnormalities alone in an elderly alcoholic patient alone is associated with a deficiency in
Folate
Acquired autoimmune condition characterized by fluctuating weakness of facial (ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia), periocular (fatigable chewing), bulbar and pelvic girdle muscle is
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis has a common association with
Thymoma
A failed development of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches leading to hypoplastic or absent thymus resulting in candida infection is
DiGeorge syndrome
Flow cytometry in DeGeorge syndrome will show
Low Cd3+ (T cell) fraction but normal CD20+ (B cell) fraction
Anxiety, episodic headache, sweating, tachycardia and severe paroxysmal hypertension along with adrenal mass are consistent with
Pheochromocytoma
Before surgery for Pheochromocytoma what medication should be initiated
Phenoxybenzamine
Premature infants are at high risk of intravascular hemorrhage due to
Fragility of the germinal matrix
Which medication when given can lead to slowly progressive dyspnea, fever, cough and patchy interstitial infiltration on radiograph
Amiodarone
A patient suffering from chronic rhinitis, intranasal polyposis and aspirin exacerbated airway disease is due to an increase in
Leukotrienes
The vast majority of cancers of the head and neck are squamous cell carcinomas and their origin is
Ventral Tongue
oral cavity
Family member affect by a mutation in a particular gene but show a wide range of clinical symptoms is
Variable expressivity
After the administration of Nitrates what happens
Increase heart rate and decrease end-diastolic left ventricular volume
When people with cystic fibrosis show difference in body fluid electrolyte it means the is
difference in tissue-specific functioning of CFTR
What is the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism
End organ resistance to parathyroid hormone
Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with short stature and short metacarpal and metatarsal bones is
Albright hereditary hormone
Cirrhosis causes portal hypertension due to distortion of the hepatic vascular bed. The increased pressure in the portal venous system causes
Splenic vein hypertension and splenomegaly
A bacteria that acquires resistance by decreasing intracellular accumulation of the drug des this by
Pumping the drug out of the cell
Intracellular messaging abnormality that results in recurrent infections is Bruton agammaglobulinemia. The defective gene involved in on the
X chromosome
Maple syrup disease is caused by a defect in branched chain alpha keto-acid dehydrogenase complex which is dependent on
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Newly transcribed mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes what before the leave the nucleus
Splicing
If a gene sequence is hybridized with it complementary mature mRNA, loops of unbound DNA will appear representing
regions of the gene that code for introns. The loops form because the complimentary mRNA (introns) have been spliced out
Achondroplasia is caused by a gain of function mutation which presents with proximal limb shortening with resultant short stature, midface hypoplasia and frontal bossing the defect is is
FGFR3 gene mutation
What synthesizes/secrets Androgen-binding proteins (ABP) to maintain high levels of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis
Sertoli cells
A agent that increases the activity of phosphorylase kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver elevating blood glucose levels is
Analogue of glucagon which works through Gs
What is Red safranin O use to stain
- Cartilage (collagen II)
- Mast cells
- Mucin
Which structure is most likely to be found in the inguinal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
Patients suffering from pheochromocytoma have an elevation of
Vanillymandelic acid
Chronic diarrhea, facial flushing, hypotension and tachycardia are symptoms of CARCINOID SYNDROME. What is the treatment
Octreotide ( a somatostatin analog)
Dying cells that continue to synthesize many proteins required for apoptosis use
INTERNAL RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE to synthesize more apoptotic proteins
Which type 2 diabetic medication induces differentiation of preadipocyte into adipocyte and increase glucose transporter -4 expression
Thiazolidinedions
eg. Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
A chronic, idiopathic inflammatory condition that most frequently involves the terminal ileum and present with abdominal pain, diarrhea and low grade fever is
Crohns
Biopsy of which area is most helpful in diagnosing crohns
Ileum
How do you treat confusion in hepatic encephalopathy
Intestinal content acidification
Increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular failure is characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is caused by
Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction
Benign uterine smooth muscle tumors that result in venous ectasia (dilation) which can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding
Leiomyomas
fibroid
Crampy abdominal pain, tenderness to palpation, and bloody stool in the elderly is
Ischemic Colitis
What is the histological finding seen in ischemic colitis
Mucosal hemorrhage, ecchymoses and areas of patchy necrosis
Hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting with inappropriately low ketone bodies suggest
Impaired beta-oxidation from Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
What protein function as a GTP-binding, signal-transducing oncoprotein
Ras
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage and is most common with
Advancing Age
A gram negative bacteria that has a HAPLOID genome and a peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an outer membrane and inner plasma membrane is
Ecoli
Why should warfarin dose be adjusted in patients who are taking Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
TMP/SMX slows metabolism of warfarin by inhibiting hepatic cytochrom P450
Intracellular increase in which substance is responsible for symptomatic relief in Asthma
cAMP
Bone pain and weakness, limited nutritional intake and low sunlight exposure are highly suggestive of osteomalacia caused by
decreased mineralization of OSTEOID
Exertional leg pain, dermal atrophy and arterial ulcer are symptoms of
Peripheral artery atherosclerosis
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder associated with early onset of malignancies. It is caused by a
Germ-line mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene
Inactivating mutation affecting 1 allele
A virus that replicates in the nucleus using host enzymes belongs to which family
PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE
small, non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses with circular double-stranded DNA
A dimorphic soil fungus endemic to Mexico and south America that causes asymptomatic infection or mild pneumonia and rarely cause formation of a thin-wall cavity in the lung is
Coccidioides immitis
Autonomic postganglionic nerve fibers are
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
group C nerve fibers
Standard error is a measure of variability around the mean. The larger the sample size
The smaller the Standard erroe
Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus likely belongs to which family
Picornavirus
Negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belong to
Arenaviruses
Burning sensation in the mouth, lip dryness atrophy of tongue papillae, alopecia are all caused by
Iron deficiency
Acute back pain, mono-arthritis and conjunctivitis following a genitourinary infection suggest
Reactive arthritis
HLA -B27
Neonatal hypotonia, extreme hyperphagia and progressive obesity, hypogonadism and small hands and feet
Prader-Willi syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome commonly results from
Micro-deletion of paternal chromosome 15q11-13 region or
Maternal uniparental disomy
What is associated with Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Increased testosterone
Which drug can cause the pupillary sphincter to constrict
Pilocarpine
Direct muscarinic cholinergic agonist
A scrotal mass that is palpable on standing but disappears on lying down and light does NOT go through is
Varicocele
Patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement require long term anticoagulation with
Warfarin to reduce risk of thromboembolic complications.
vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor
In embryonic development, both melanocyte and germ cells undergo
Migration
Melanocyte migrate from neural crest to epidermis
Germ cells migrate from yolk sac to the gonadal ridges
Lack of CD40 Ligand expression on CD4+ lymphocyte will show low serum level of
IgA and IgG and
Hyper-IgM
What medication is used to treat inflammatory conditions caused by TNF-alpha
infliximab (a monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha)
Low dose aspirin inhibits to prevent platelet aggregation inhibits
cyclooxygenase -1
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by increase urine out put and decrease urineosmolality. This condition is associated with
Increased serum Vasopressin leels
Decreasing which cardiogenic parameter will increase contraction velocity
Afetrload
