Uworld Test Review Flashcards
1
Q
Recent trauma, symmetric pulmonary opacities and normal heart is suggestive of
A
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
2
Q
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the inflammation of
A
- Aveolar pneumocyte
2. pulmonary endothelium damage
3
Q
The most common bone tumor associated with Paget’s disease of the bone is
A
Osteosarcoma
4
Q
When osteoclast fails to absorb bone, there by impairing bone modeling and remodeling leads to
A
Osteopetrosis
5
Q
Common abnormal sensation of foreign body, tightness in the throat. Often worse when swallowing saliva and alleviated with food or liquid is
A
Globus sensation
globus hystericus or globus pharyngeus
6
Q
Patient with fever, nonproductive cough, myalgia, clear lungs and sick contact at work most likely has
A
Influenza
7
Q
Medication for Influenza A and B will be
A
Oseltamivir– work by inhibiting viral particle release
8
Q
The presence of DNA fragments in multiples of 180 base pairs on gel electrophoresis is known as
A
DNA laddering
sensitive indicator of Apoptosis
9
Q
Absence of DNA fragments on electrophoresis explains
A
Evasion of Apoptosis
10
Q
Lymphoid malignancies (eg. follicular B cell lymphoma) often evade program cell death by over-expressing
A
BCL 2 (antiapoptotic protein)
11
Q
What medication competitively inhibits Muscarinic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle leading to smooth muscle relaxation
A
Atropine
12
Q
Diazepam infusion in an older person over 50 years will lead to
A
Confusion
13
Q
Fever, dry skin and mucous membrane, flushing, mydriasis and cycloplegia and altered mental status are signs of
A
Anticholinergic syndrome (Atropine Overdose)
14
Q
A drug of abuse that causes anticholinergic syndrome
A
Jimson weed
15
Q
Genetic mutation that is present in the offspring of normal parents is
A
Germline mosaicism
16
Q
What is a daily activity to be carried out by a patient with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
A
Daily foot inspection for signs of trauma or infection
17
Q
Cytokine exclusively produced by lymphocytes
A
IL-2
18
Q
Which proteins bind epithelial cells together within tissues
A
CADHERINS
eg. demglein, democollins,E-cadherins
19
Q
Posterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur will affect
A
Popliteal artery
20
Q
Blunt trauma to the lateral knee will injure the
A
Common peroneal nerve
21
Q
Infection in post cesarean delivery is due to postpartum endometritis. Infection is commonly found in the
A
Uterus
22
Q
Reacting in a manner that is opposite ones actual feelings
A
Reaction formation
23
Q
Channeling impulse into socially acceptable behavior
A
Sublimation
24
Q
Putting unwanted feelings inside to cope with reality
A
Suppression
25
Facilitating interview technique in which the physician repeats what patient has said either word for word or by paraphrasing is
Reflection
26
In post-nephrectomy the total GFR increase from
50% to approximately 80% of its original value
27
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (eg. sildenafil) increase intracellular concentration of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle of the
Corpora cavernosa
28
Difficulty raising hand above the head and protrusion (winging of medial border of the scapula when the outstretched arm is pushed forward against resistance is caused by
Serratus anterior muscle
29
The most common viral encephalitis that can affect both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients is
HSV encephalitis
30
Chronic alcohol use, confusion, irritability, hematologic and neurological abnormalities is associated with
Cobalamin deficiency (B12)
31
Hematologic abnormalities alone in an elderly alcoholic patient alone is associated with a deficiency in
Folate
32
Acquired autoimmune condition characterized by fluctuating weakness of facial (ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia), periocular (fatigable chewing), bulbar and pelvic girdle muscle is
Myasthenia gravis
33
Myasthenia gravis has a common association with
Thymoma
34
A failed development of the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches leading to hypoplastic or absent thymus resulting in candida infection is
DiGeorge syndrome
35
Flow cytometry in DeGeorge syndrome will show
Low Cd3+ (T cell) fraction but normal CD20+ (B cell) fraction
36
Anxiety, episodic headache, sweating, tachycardia and severe paroxysmal hypertension along with adrenal mass are consistent with
Pheochromocytoma
37
Before surgery for Pheochromocytoma what medication should be initiated
Phenoxybenzamine
38
Premature infants are at high risk of intravascular hemorrhage due to
Fragility of the germinal matrix
39
Which medication when given can lead to slowly progressive dyspnea, fever, cough and patchy interstitial infiltration on radiograph
Amiodarone
40
A patient suffering from chronic rhinitis, intranasal polyposis and aspirin exacerbated airway disease is due to an increase in
Leukotrienes
41
The vast majority of cancers of the head and neck are squamous cell carcinomas and their origin is
Ventral Tongue
| oral cavity
42
Family member affect by a mutation in a particular gene but show a wide range of clinical symptoms is
Variable expressivity
43
After the administration of Nitrates what happens
Increase heart rate and decrease end-diastolic left ventricular volume
44
When people with cystic fibrosis show difference in body fluid electrolyte it means the is
difference in tissue-specific functioning of CFTR
45
What is the cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism
End organ resistance to parathyroid hormone
46
Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with short stature and short metacarpal and metatarsal bones is
Albright hereditary hormone
47
Cirrhosis causes portal hypertension due to distortion of the hepatic vascular bed. The increased pressure in the portal venous system causes
Splenic vein hypertension and splenomegaly
48
A bacteria that acquires resistance by decreasing intracellular accumulation of the drug des this by
Pumping the drug out of the cell
49
Intracellular messaging abnormality that results in recurrent infections is Bruton agammaglobulinemia. The defective gene involved in on the
X chromosome
50
Maple syrup disease is caused by a defect in branched chain alpha keto-acid dehydrogenase complex which is dependent on
Thiamine (vitamin B1)
51
Newly transcribed mRNA (pre-mRNA) undergoes what before the leave the nucleus
Splicing
52
If a gene sequence is hybridized with it complementary mature mRNA, loops of unbound DNA will appear representing
regions of the gene that code for introns. The loops form because the complimentary mRNA (introns) have been spliced out
53
Achondroplasia is caused by a gain of function mutation which presents with proximal limb shortening with resultant short stature, midface hypoplasia and frontal bossing the defect is is
FGFR3 gene mutation
54
What synthesizes/secrets Androgen-binding proteins (ABP) to maintain high levels of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules and epididymis
Sertoli cells
55
A agent that increases the activity of phosphorylase kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver elevating blood glucose levels is
Analogue of glucagon which works through Gs
56
What is Red safranin O use to stain
1. Cartilage (collagen II)
2. Mast cells
3. Mucin
57
Which structure is most likely to be found in the inguinal canal
Round ligament of the uterus
58
Patients suffering from pheochromocytoma have an elevation of
Vanillymandelic acid
59
Chronic diarrhea, facial flushing, hypotension and tachycardia are symptoms of CARCINOID SYNDROME. What is the treatment
Octreotide ( a somatostatin analog)
60
Dying cells that continue to synthesize many proteins required for apoptosis use
INTERNAL RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE to synthesize more apoptotic proteins
61
Which type 2 diabetic medication induces differentiation of preadipocyte into adipocyte and increase glucose transporter -4 expression
Thiazolidinedions
| eg. Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
62
A chronic, idiopathic inflammatory condition that most frequently involves the terminal ileum and present with abdominal pain, diarrhea and low grade fever is
Crohns
63
Biopsy of which area is most helpful in diagnosing crohns
Ileum
64
How do you treat confusion in hepatic encephalopathy
Intestinal content acidification
65
Increased pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular failure is characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is caused by
Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction
66
Benign uterine smooth muscle tumors that result in venous ectasia (dilation) which can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding
Leiomyomas
| fibroid
67
Crampy abdominal pain, tenderness to palpation, and bloody stool in the elderly is
Ischemic Colitis
68
What is the histological finding seen in ischemic colitis
Mucosal hemorrhage, ecchymoses and areas of patchy necrosis
69
Hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting with inappropriately low ketone bodies suggest
Impaired beta-oxidation from Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
70
What protein function as a GTP-binding, signal-transducing oncoprotein
Ras
71
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage and is most common with
Advancing Age
72
A gram negative bacteria that has a HAPLOID genome and a peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an outer membrane and inner plasma membrane is
Ecoli
73
Why should warfarin dose be adjusted in patients who are taking Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
TMP/SMX slows metabolism of warfarin by inhibiting hepatic cytochrom P450
74
Intracellular increase in which substance is responsible for symptomatic relief in Asthma
cAMP
75
Bone pain and weakness, limited nutritional intake and low sunlight exposure are highly suggestive of osteomalacia caused by
decreased mineralization of OSTEOID
76
Exertional leg pain, dermal atrophy and arterial ulcer are symptoms of
Peripheral artery atherosclerosis
77
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder associated with early onset of malignancies. It is caused by a
Germ-line mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene
| Inactivating mutation affecting 1 allele
78
A virus that replicates in the nucleus using host enzymes belongs to which family
PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE
| small, non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses with circular double-stranded DNA
79
A dimorphic soil fungus endemic to Mexico and south America that causes asymptomatic infection or mild pneumonia and rarely cause formation of a thin-wall cavity in the lung is
Coccidioides immitis
80
Autonomic postganglionic nerve fibers are
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
| group C nerve fibers
81
Standard error is a measure of variability around the mean. The larger the sample size
The smaller the Standard erroe
82
Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus likely belongs to which family
Picornavirus
83
Negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belong to
Arenaviruses
84
Burning sensation in the mouth, lip dryness atrophy of tongue papillae, alopecia are all caused by
Iron deficiency
85
Acute back pain, mono-arthritis and conjunctivitis following a genitourinary infection suggest
Reactive arthritis
| HLA -B27
86
Neonatal hypotonia, extreme hyperphagia and progressive obesity, hypogonadism and small hands and feet
Prader-Willi syndrome
87
Prader-Willi syndrome commonly results from
Micro-deletion of paternal chromosome 15q11-13 region or
| Maternal uniparental disomy
88
What is associated with Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Increased testosterone
89
Which drug can cause the pupillary sphincter to constrict
Pilocarpine
| Direct muscarinic cholinergic agonist
90
A scrotal mass that is palpable on standing but disappears on lying down and light does NOT go through is
Varicocele
91
Patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement require long term anticoagulation with
Warfarin to reduce risk of thromboembolic complications.
| vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor
92
In embryonic development, both melanocyte and germ cells undergo
Migration
Melanocyte migrate from neural crest to epidermis
Germ cells migrate from yolk sac to the gonadal ridges
93
Lack of CD40 Ligand expression on CD4+ lymphocyte will show low serum level of
IgA and IgG and
| Hyper-IgM
94
What medication is used to treat inflammatory conditions caused by TNF-alpha
infliximab (a monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha)
95
Low dose aspirin inhibits to prevent platelet aggregation inhibits
cyclooxygenase -1
96
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by increase urine out put and decrease urineosmolality. This condition is associated with
Increased serum Vasopressin leels
97
Decreasing which cardiogenic parameter will increase contraction velocity
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