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SMART 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic of Lobar pneumonia

A

Intra-alveolar exudate—-> consolidation and typically caused by Strep pneumonia

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2
Q

Rupture of apical subpleural blebs or cysts. Occurs most frequently in tall thin young males

A

Primary Spontaneous pneumothorax

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3
Q

Patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls involving one or more lobes

A

Intestitial pneumonia

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4
Q

What are the physical findings in Atelectasis

A

Decrease Breath sounds, Dull on percussion, Decrease Fremitus and Trachea deviates towards side of Lesion

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5
Q

Accumulation of air in pleural space. Presenting with dyspnea, uneven chest expansion. Chest pain decrease tactile fremitus, hyperresonance and diminished breath sound.

A

Pneumothrax

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6
Q

Most common organism that causes bronchpneumonia

A

Staph pneumonia, staph aureus, H Influenzae and Klebsiella

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7
Q

Recurrent microthrombi that leads to decrease cross-sectional area of pulmonary vascular beds

A

Chronic Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

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8
Q

Nest of neuroendocrine cells, chromogranin A + with flushng, diarrhea and wheezing

A

Bronchial carcinoid tumor

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9
Q

In tension pneumothorax what happens to the trachea

A

Deviates away from affected lungs

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10
Q

Pneumothrax caused by Blunt (eg. rib fracture) or penetrating (eg. gunshot) trauma

A

Traumatic Pneumothorax

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11
Q

Physical findings in Tension pneumothorax

A

Decrease breath sounds, hyperresonant, decrease fremitus, trachea deviates away from side of lesion

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12
Q

Centrally located tumor of the lungs. May produce ACTH (Cushing syndrome), SIADH or Antibodies against presynaptic calcium channels or neurons.

A

Small cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Centrally located Neoplasm of neuroendocrine KULCHITSKY cells ——> small dark blue cells. Chromogranin A +, neuron-specific enolase +

A

Small cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Headaches, dizziness, increased risk of aneurysm/ rupture of intracranial arteries from impaired blood drainage from the head (facial plethora)

A

Superior Vena cava syndrome

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15
Q

Air enters pleural space but cannot exit increasing trapped air.

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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16
Q

Localized collection of of PUS within parenchyma caused by aspiration of oropharengeal contents. Especially in alcoholics

A

Lung Abscess

17
Q

Non infectious pneumonia characterized by inflammation of bronchioles and surrounding structures or medication side effects (eg. amiodarone). No response to antibiotics

A

Crytptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

(Bronchiolitis Obiterans Organinzing pneumonia)

18
Q

Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is often due to a mutation in

A

BMPR2 gene

19
Q

Glandular pattern on histology often stains mucin +. Bronchioloalveolar subtype: grows along alveolar septa leading to apparent thickening of alveolar walls. Tall columnar cells containing mucus

A

Adenocarcinoma

20
Q

Physical findings in simple pneumothorax

A

Decrease breath sounds, Hyperresonant, decrease fremitus

21
Q

Centrally located tumor of the lungs. Hilar mass arising from bronchus; cavitation, cigarettes; hypercalemia (produces PTHrP). Keratin pearls intercellular bridges.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

Most common lung cancer in nonsmokers and its activating mutations. CXR shows hazy infiltrates cimilar to pneumonia

A

Adenocarcinoma

Activating tumors: KRAS, EGFR and ALK

23
Q

Cancer that occurs in the apex of lung and can invade cervical sympathetic chain

A

Pancoast Tumor

24
Q

Acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; patchy distribution involving more that one lobe

A

Bronchopneumonia

25
Q

How is pleural effusion treated

A

Thoracentesis

26
Q

What are the physical findings in pleural effusion

A

Decrease breath sounds, dull percussions, Decrease Fremitus and treachea deviates away from side of lesion

27
Q

Most common cause of Intestitial (atypical) pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma, chlamydophilia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, Legionella

28
Q

Most common cause of superor vena cava syndrome

A

Mediastinal mass

Pancoast tumor

Thrombosis from indwelling catheter

29
Q

Cough, hemoptysis, bronchial obstruction, wheezing, pneumonic “coin” lesion on xray or noncalcified nodule of CT

A

Lung Cancer

30
Q

Excess accumulation of FLUID between pleural layers causing restricted lung expansion during

A

Pleural Effusion

31
Q

Cancer of the apex of the lungs that leads to Horner syndrome (ipsilateral ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis). What is compressed

A

Stellate ganglion

32
Q

Pulmonary pneumonia by Hematologic, Systemic and Metabolic Disoders is caused by

A

Multifactorial

33
Q

Pleomorphic giant cells. Located on peripheral of the cell.

A

Large cell carcinoma

SMART 1 (14 decks)

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