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SMART 1 > GI meds > Flashcards

GI meds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of osmotic laxatives?

A
  1. Provide osmotic load to draw H2O into gut lumen

2. Lactulose treats hepatic encephalopathy

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2
Q

Medication to control vomiting postoperatively by inhibiting 5-HT

A

Ondansetron

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3
Q

What are the adverse side effects of Osmotic laxatives?

A
  1. Diarrhea

2. Dehydration

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4
Q

What is the clinical use of Ursodiol?

A
  1. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

2. Gallstone prevention and dissolution

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5
Q

What drug causes hypercalcemia and rebound acid increase? (can chelate and decrease the effectiveness of other drugs)

A

Calcium carbonate (antacid)

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6
Q

What is the adverse effect of the antacid Magnesium hydroxide?

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Hyporeflexia
  3. Hypotension
  4. Cardiac Arrest
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7
Q

What is the adverse effect of Senna?

A
  1. Diarrhea

2. Melanosis coli

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8
Q

What is Bismuth not be given with?

hint: requires acidic environment to work

A
  1. H2 Blockers

2. PPI

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9
Q

Medication for post surgery gastroparesis, persistent GERD, antemetic and Diabetes

A

Metoclopramide

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ursodiol aka Ursodeoxycholic acid?
(NON-TOXIC BILE ACID)

A
  1. Increase bile absorption

2. Decrease cholesterol secretion and reabsorption

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11
Q

Side effects of Odansetron

A

QT prolongation, serotonin syndrome, headache, constipation

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12
Q

What is the mechanism Of Loperamide?

A
  1. Agonist at mu opiod receptors.
  2. Slows gut motility
    (low addictive potential d/t poor CNS penetration)
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13
Q

What the adverse effects of Metoclopramide?

A
  1. Tardive dyskinesia
  2. Increases Parkinsonian effects
  3. Restlessness
  4. Fatigue, Drowsiness, Depression
  5. Drug interaction w/ Digoxin and Diabetic agents
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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of sulfasalazine?

A
  1. Malaise
  2. Nausea
  3. Sulfonamide toxicity
  4. Reversible oligospermia
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15
Q

Side effect of Sulfasalazine

A

Oligospermia, sulfonamide toxicity

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Proton Pump Inhibitors?

A

Inhibit the H/K-ATPase on parietal cells

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17
Q

What drug/herb is an enteric nerve stimulant –> colonic contraction?

A

Senna

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18
Q

What is the MOA of bulk forming laxatives?

A
  1. Soluble fiber
  2. Draws H2O into gut lumen
  3. Form viscous fluid that promotes peristalsis
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19
Q

Mechanism of Metoclopramide

A
  1. D2 receptor antagonist
  2. Increases:
    a) resting tone,
    b) contractility,
    c) LES tone,
    d) Motility,
    e) gastric emptying
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20
Q

What is the general effects of antacids?

A
  1. Affect absorption
  2. Affect Bioavailability
  3. Affect Urinary excretion of other drugs
  4. Hypokalemia
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21
Q

What are the adverse effects of bulk forming laxatives?

A

Bloating

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22
Q

What are the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors?

A
  1. Increase risk of C. difficile infection
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Decreased serum Mg2+ w/ chronic-longterm use =
    increased fracture risk in elderly (dec Mg2+ ==> dec
    Ca2+)
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23
Q

Which drug(s) most abused by bulimics?

A

Osmotic Laxatives

24
Q

Which GI medication causes CONSTIPATION and hypophosphatemia, osteodystrophy, siezures, proximal muscle weakness

A

Aluminum hydroxide

25
Q

What are the clinical uses of proton pump inhibitors?

A
  1. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
  2. Component of H. pylori treatment
  3. Stress Induced Ulcer prophylaxis
  4. Peptic ulcer
  5. Gastritis
  6. Esophageal Reflux
26
Q

What the common osmotic laxatives?

A
  1. Magnesium Hydroxide
  2. Magnesium Citrate
  3. Polyethylene Glycol
  4. Lactulose
27
Q

What is the MOA of Histamine 2 (H2) Blockers?

A

Reversibly block H2 receptor –> decrease in H+ secretion from parietal cells

28
Q

what is the mechanism of Octreotide?

A
  1. Long acting somatostatin analog,
  2. Inhibits secretion of various splachnic vasodilatory
    hormones
29
Q

What medication is used to treat Acute Variceal Bleeds, acromegaly, VIPOMA, carcinoid tumors?

A

Octreotide

30
Q

Side effect of Octreotide

A
  1. Increased risk of cholelithiasis due to CCK inhibition
  2. Nausea
  3. Steatorrhea
  4. Cramps
31
Q

What are the main adverse effects of Histamine 2 blockers?

A 
Cimetidine:
1. Inhibit P450 - Hepatotoxicity
2. Anti-androgenic effects - Prolactin Release, Decrease 
    libido(men), Impotence, gynecomastia
3. Cross BBB --> CNS effect
4. Cross Placenta
5. Decrease Renal excretion of creatinine = Cimetidine 
    and Ranitidine
32
Q

What are the Clinical uses of Histamine 2 (H2) Blockers?

A
  1. Gastritis
  2. Peptic Ulcer
  3. Mild Esophageal Reflux dz
33
Q

What is the MOA of sulfasalazine?

A
  1. Combination of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic
    acid
  2. Activated by colonic bacteria
    (sulfapyridine = antibacteria; 5-AA = anti-inflammatory)
34
Q

What medication is used to treat NSAID-induced peptic ulcer and is used as an off label drug for labor induction (ripens cervix)?

A

Misoprostol

35
Q

What is the MOA of Orlistat?

A

Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase –> decreased breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of Bismuth?

A

Black tongue and black stool

37
Q

What are the Histamine 2 (H2) Blockers?

A
  1. Cimetidine
  2. Ranitidine
  3. Famotadine
  4. Nizatidine
38
Q

What medication decreases vagal tone and is a powerful central acting antiemetic?
Serotonin antagonist

A

Ondansetron

39
Q

Metoclopramide is contraindicated in patients with

A
  1. Small bowel obstruction,
  2. Parkinsons disease
    (d/t D2 receptor blockade)
40
Q

Mechanism of Misoprostol

A

PGE1 analog. Increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decrease acid production

41
Q

Which medication is used to treat Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn disease

A

Sulfasalazine

42
Q

List the Common Proton Pump Inhibitors

hint: LOPED

A
  1. Lansoprazole
  2. Omeprazole
  3. Pantoprazole
  4. Esomeprazole
  5. Dexlansoprazole
43
Q

Which drug(s) binds to ulcer base, provide physical protection and allow HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient of gut mucosa?

A

Bismuth, sucralfate

44
Q

Side effects of Misoproterol

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Abortifacient (contraindicated in potential
    childbearing females)
45
Q

Which medication used for weight loss has an adverse effect of steatorrhea, decrease absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

A

Orlistat

46
Q

Medication use to treat chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting

A

Aprepitant

47
Q

What is Loperamide is used to treat?

A

Diarrhea

48
Q

What some common bulk forming laxatives?

A
  1. Phyllium

2. Methylcellulose

49
Q

What is the clinical use of Bismuth?

A
  1. Increase ulcer healing

2. Traveler’s diarrhea

50
Q

What do centrally acting drugs do?

A
  1. Acts on CNS
  2. Decrease activity of SNS
  3. Dilate BV and decrease BP
51
Q

Mechanism of action of Aprepitant

A
  1. Substance P antagonist.

2. Blocks NK1 receptors in brain

52
Q

What drug is an emollient, which causes osmotic draw into lumen –> increased H2O absorption by stool –> diarrhea?

A

Ducosate

53
Q

What medication is used to control vomiting post-operatively and cancer pts undergoing chemo?

A

Ondansetron

54
Q

List 3 common antacids

A
  1. Aluminium Hydroxide
  2. Calcium Carbonate
  3. Magnesium Hydroxide
55
Q

What is the adverse effects of Loperamide?

A

constipation, nausea

SMART 1 (14 decks)

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