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SMART 1 > Endocrine meds > Flashcards

Endocrine meds Flashcards

1
Q

Which medication used to treat PRIMARY or SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism and has an adverse effect of hypocalcemia

A

Cinacalcet

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2
Q

Mechanism of Cinacalcet

A

Sensitizes Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) in parathyroid gland—-> decrease PTH

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3
Q

What is the use of Fludrocortisone

A

Mineralocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency

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4
Q

Adverse effect of Fludrocortisone therapy

A

Edema, exacerbation of heart failure, hyperpigmentation

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5
Q

What medication use to treat SIADH has a side effect of nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity and bone and teeth abnormalities

A

Demeclocycline

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6
Q

Which ADH antagonist that works at V2 receptor is used to treat SIADH

A

Conivaptan, Tolvaptan

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7
Q

Medication for treating Central DI, von Willebrand disease, sleep enuresis

A

Desmopressin acetate

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8
Q

Medication for treating Turner syndrome and GH deficiciency

A

GH

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9
Q

What is the use of Oxytocin

A

Stimulate labor, uterine contractions, milk let down; controls uterine hemorrhage

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10
Q

What can somatostatin (octreotide) be use to treat

A

acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

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11
Q

What is Levothyroxine and Triiodothyronine

A

Thyroid hormone replacement medication use to treat HYPOTHYROIDISM, MYXEDEMA and off-label as weight loss supplement

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12
Q

Side effects of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremor, arrhythmias

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13
Q

Which medications use to treat HYPERTHYROIDISM block thyroid peroxidase, inhibiting the oxidation of iodide and the organification and coupling of of iodide leading to inhibition of thyroid hormones

A

Propylthiouracil and methimazole

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14
Q

Medication used to Treat Hyperthyroidism by blocking 5’-deiodinase—> decrease conversion of peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

A

Propythiouracil

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15
Q

Which medication for hypothyroidism can be used in the 1st trimester of pregnancy because of its hepatotoxicity in 2nd and 3rd trimester

A

Propythiouracil

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16
Q

Hyperthyroidism medication used in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy because of its teratogenicity in first trimester

A

Methimazole

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17
Q

Medication used as monotherapy in type 2 DM that leads to weight gain. Stimulate postprandial insuline release by binding to K channels on Beta-cells

A

Meglitinide

nateglinide, repaglinide

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18
Q

Type 2 DM medication that causes vomiting, pancreatitis and modest weight loss

A

GLP-1 analogs

Exenatide, Liraglutide–sc injection

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19
Q

Mechanism of GLP-1 analogs

A

Increase glucose dependent insulin release, decrease glucagon release and increase satiety

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20
Q

Medication that inhibit DPP-4 enzyme that deactivates GLP-1 use to treat Type 1 & 2 DM

A

Sitagliptin
Linagliptin,
saxagliptin

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21
Q

Medication given subcutaneously for Type 1 & 2DM causes hypoglycemia (mistimed)

A

AMYLIN ANALOGS

Pramlintide

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22
Q

Type 2 Diabetic medication that blocks reabsorption of glucose at PCT

A

SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER 2 (SGGLT-2) inhibitors

  1. Canagliflozin
  2. Dapagliflozin
  3. Empagliflozin
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23
Q

Adverse effects of Cangliflozin, Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin

A

Glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection, weight loss, orthostatic hypotension

24
Q

Type 2 DM medication that inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha- glucosidase

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

25
Q

Oral FIRST LINE therapy in type 2 DM. Cause lactic acidosis. Contraindicated in renal insufficiency and can be used in patients without ISLET function

A

Biguanide

Metformin

26
Q

Medication for type 2 DM. It stimulates release of endogenous insulin. Close K channels in B-cell membrane and can cause disufiram-like effect

A

FIRST GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide

27
Q

Medication for type 2 DM. It stimulates release of endogenous insulin. Close K channels in B-cell membrane. Does NOT cause disulfiram-like effect

A

SECOND GENERATION SULFONYLUREAS

  1. Glimepiride
  2. Glipizide
  3. Glyburide
28
Q

what is disulfiram-like effects

A

Flushing, fast heartbeats, nausea, thirst, chest pain, vertigo, and low blood pressure

29
Q

Monotherapy Type 2 DM medication that binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator with a risk of HF and increase risk of fractures

A

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

30
Q

Long acting insulin for for Type 1 and 2 DM, GDM

A

Determir, Glargine

31
Q

Rapid acting insulin for Type 1 and 2 DM, GDM

A

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

32
Q

Intermediate Insulin for GDM, Type 1 and 2 DM

A

NPH

33
Q

Short acting Regular insulin is used for

A

Type 1 and 2 DM, GDM, DKA(IV), hyperkalemia (+ glucose), stress hyperglycemia

34
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the conversion of Nor-epinephrine to EPINEPHRINE

A

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNM)

35
Q

What muscle acts primary to flex the thigh at the hip

A

Psoas Muscle

36
Q

Where is the origination of the psoas muscle

A

Anterior surface of the transverse process and lateral surface of the vertebral body

37
Q

What medication used for AFib has an adverse effect of CONSTIPTION

A

Diltiazem and Verapamil

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs

38
Q

Serum level of which substances will be raised with the administration of Thiazide

A

Cholesterol, Calcium, Uric acid, Glucose and Triglycerides

39
Q

Wilson disease can cause cystic degeneration of which brain structures

A
  1. Putamen

2. Basal ganglia structures

40
Q

Woolsorters disease (pulmonary anthrax) is caused by

A

Inhalation of spores from mainly goats hair or hides

41
Q

Widened mediastinum on chest X-ray, hemorrhagic mediastinitis

A

Pulmonary Anthrax

42
Q

Serpentine or medusa head on microscopy

A

Anthrax

43
Q

What is required for the pathogenicity of Anthrax

A

Antiphagocytic D-glutamate Capsule

44
Q

What is the virulence factor for Staph Aureus

A

Protein A

45
Q

What is the function of protein A from staph aureus

A

Binds Fc portion of IgG and prevent opsonization and complement mediated killing

46
Q

What does Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccine compose

A

Cell wall polysaccharide conjugate with protein toxoid

47
Q

Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) reduces incidence of

A

meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia and epiglottitis

48
Q

Gastric Ulcers located at the lesser curvature most like will penetrate

A

Left and Right gastric arteries

49
Q

What medication can be used to treat alcohol redrawal

A

Benzodiazepines (chlordiazepoxide)

50
Q

Which antipsychotic medications can lower seizure treshold

A

Chlorpromazine and Haloperidol

51
Q

Mechanism of Ecoli (0157:H7)

A

Inactivates ribosomal subunits

52
Q

Which endogenous opioid peptides with strong affinity for Delta and Mu receptors are released in response to Noxious stimuli

A
  1. Enkephalins
  2. Endorphine
  3. dynorphins
53
Q

One endogenous opioid peptide that is derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is

A

Beta endophine

54
Q

What other substances are derived from POMC

A

ACTH and MSH

55
Q

The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs drives the release of

A

Protons (H) and CO2 from hemoglobin (Haldane effect)

56
Q

What organism is implicated in most cases of HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS

A 
Staphylococcus Aureus (1st)
Streptococcus pyogenes (2nd)
57
Q

What nerve is most likely injured in a person experiencing middle ear pain with INCREASED SENSITIVITY to SOUND (hyperacusis)

A

Facial Nerve

SMART 1 (14 decks)

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