UTIs and stones

Question 1

UTI most commonly arises from-

Answer 1

ascending infection

Question 2

gold standard of diagnosis

Answer 2

urine culture

Question 3

most common overall pathogen

Answer 3

E coli

Question 4

urethritis

Answer 4

pyuria with negative urine culture (gonorrhea, chlamydia)

Question 5

increased risk for pyelonephritis with

Answer 5

Vesicoureteral reflux

Question 6

what is the histological finding associated with chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 6

thyroidization- atrophy of tubules with collection of proteinaceous material

Question 7

what are the most common causes of chronic pyelonephritis in children/adults?

Answer 7

children- reflux d/t abnormal VUJ

adults- obstruction from BPH or cervical cancer

Question 8

largest size of stone that will pass without intervention

Answer 8

5 mm

Question 9

m/c type of kidney stone

Answer 9

calcium

Question 10

m/c cause of calcium stones

Answer 10

idiopathic hypercalciuria

Question 11

drug that can help decrease occurrence of calcium stones

Answer 11

HCTZ

Question 12

type of stone associated with stag horn calculi

Answer 12

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Question 13

what type of bacteria cause AMP stones?

Answer 13

urease + (klebsiella, proteus)

Question 14

treatment of uric acid stones

Answer 14

urine alkalinization

Question 15

m/c type of stone in children

Answer 15

cysteine

Question 16

increased risk for ___ in patients with ESRD on dialysis

Answer 16

renal cell carcinoma

Question 17

cause of malakoplakia

Answer 17

chronic e coli cystitis

Question 18

findings in malakoplakia

Answer 18

in bladder- raised plaques

in kidney- PAS+ macrophages