Breast Flashcards
greatest density of breast tissue in a female
upper, outer
most common physiologic cause of galactorrhea
nipple stimulation
most common pathologic cause of galactorrhea
prolactinoma
type of tumor that can cause gynecomastia
testicular choriocarcinoma
most common pathogenic cause of acute mastitis
S. aureus
cellular change responsible for predicate mastitis
keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the lactiferous ducts
characteristic d/c for mammary duct ectasia
green-brown nipple discharge
typical presentation of breast fat necrosis
incidental finding of micro calcifications on mammogram
what biopsy findings in fibrocystic change are associated with increased risk of cancer?
ductal hyperplasia- 2x
sclerosing adenosis- 2x
atypical hyperplasia- 5x
how is a papilloma differentiated from a papillary carcinoma?
papilloma has luminal epithelium and myoepithelial cells; carcinoma only has luminal epithelium
which medication is known to cause the development of multiple, bilateral fibroadenomas?
cyclosporin A
what is the characteristic biopsy finding for fibroadenoma?
“cave paintings’- glands become compressed due to abundant stroma
what is the characteristic biopsy finding for phyllodes tumor?
“leaf-like projections”- overgrowth of fibrous portion
what is the difference between fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor? (2)
- fibroadenoma is always being, phyllodes can be malignant
- fibroadenoma is more common in premenopausal, phyllodes is more common in postmenopausal
most common breast cancer presentation
asymptomatic with abnormal mammogram
most common site for a breast cancer in females? males?
females- upper/outer
males- subareolar
precursor lesion to DCIS
ductal hyperplasia
most common DCIS subtype
comedo (necrosis and calcifications)
what is Paget’s disease of the breast?
extension of malignancy from the duct to the skin
what malignancy is usually associated with Paget’s disease of the breast? exception?
usually DCIS, except if there is a palpable mass, then it is usually invasive carcinoma
4 types of invasive ductal carcinoma
tubular
mucinous
medullary
inflammatory
which type of invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with BRCA1?
medullary
which type of invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with older women?
mucinous
which type of invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with the poorest prognosis?
inflammatory
