ovary Flashcards
action of LH
acts on theca cells, causes androgen production
action of FSH
acts on granulosa cells, causes estradiol production
what is the hormone imbalance in PCOS?
high LH, low FSH (ratio 2:1 or more)
why is FSH low in PCOS?
LH leads to production of excess androgen, excess androgen is then converted to estrone in adipose tissues, excess estrone exerts negative feedback on the ant pit = low FSH
most common type of ovarian tumor
surface epithelial tumor `
ovarian cystadenoma (description, more common in)
single cyst with simple, flat lining
more common in pre-menopausal women
ovarian cystadencarcinoma (description, more common in)
complex cyst with thick, shaggy lining
more common in postmenopausal women
unique mets for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma
omentum = omental caking
genetic abnormality assoc with increased risk of ovarian cystadenocardinoma
BRCA1
also fallopian tube cancer
lab test used to monitor response to treatment for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma
CA-125
brenner tumor
benign, bladder-like epithelium
type of ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis
endometrioid
2 types of ovarian tumors derived from fetal tissue
teratoma, embryonal carcinoma
cystic teratoma is considered malignant if (2)
it contains immature tissue (m/c neural) or it contains somatic malignancy (m/c SCC of skin)
cystic teratoma must contain
2/3 embryonic layers
struma ovarii-
teratoma composed of large amounts of thyroid tissue, can cause hyperthyroidism
embryonal carcinoma
malignant tumor with large, primitive cells
ovarian tumor composed of oocytes
dysgerminoma
dysgerminoma
malignant tumor composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
male counterpart for dysgerminoma
seminoma
lab that can be elevated in dysgerminoma
LDH
ovarian tumor composed of yolk sac
endodermal sinus tumor
endodermal sinus tumors are the most common ovarian tumor in what population
children
what is the characteristic histologic finding for endodermal sinus tumors?
schiller-ducal bodies
what are the characteristic lab elevations for endodermal sinus tumors?
elevated AFP
elevated A1AT
ovarian tumor composed of placental tissue
choriocarcinoma
what is the typical course for choriocarcinoma? why?
small primary, early mets because syncytiotrophoblasts are programmed to invade blood vessels
what lab is elevated in choriocarcinoma? why?
bHCG
it is produced by syncytiotrophoblasts
which “pathway” for development of choriocarcinoma has a better prognosis?
gestational
granulosa-theca cell tumors make-
excess estrogen
sertoli-leydig cell tumors make-
excess androgen
presentation of granulosa-theca cell tumors
precocious puberty, heavy bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding
histologic finding for stroll-leydig cell tumors
reinke crystals
meigis syndrome
pleural effusions and ascites associated with fibroma of the ovary, resolves with tumor removal
Krukenberg tumor
bilateral mets to ovary
m/c source for Krukenberg, others
m/c- diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma, others are breast and colon
pseudomyxoma peritonei
metastatic mucinous tumor of the ovary with massive mucus accumulation in the peritoneum
source tumor for pseudomyxoma peritonei
appendix
ovarian fibroma cell shape
spindle cells
which 2 GYN tumors have psammoma bodies?
ovarian cystadenoma/carcinoma
endometrial carcinoma
