kidney anomalies-renovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

most common congenital renal anomaly

A

horseshoe kidney

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2
Q

3 features of Potter sequence/cause

A

flat face/low set ears
lung hypoplasia
extremity defects
due to oligohydraminos

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3
Q

unilateral renal agenesis is associated with:

A

hyperfiltration and risk of renal failure later in life

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4
Q

how is cystic renal dysplasia differentiated from polycystic kidney disease? (3)

A

CRD is usually unilateral, cysts are in parenchyma, cysts contain abnormal tissue (cartilage)

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5
Q

AR PCKD gene

A

PKHD1 (fibrocystin)

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6
Q

appearance of cysts in AR PCKD

A

radial, span from capsule or cortex

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7
Q

extra-renal abnormalities in AR PCKD (1)

A

hepatic fibrosis/cysts

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8
Q

3 presenting symptoms of AD PCKD

A

hypertension, hematuria, progressive renal failure

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9
Q

AD PCKD gene

A

APKD1

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10
Q

extra-renal abnormalities associated with AD PCKD

A

berry aneurysm
mitral valve prolapse
hepatic cysts

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11
Q

m/c location of ectopic kidney, m/c complication

A

pelvis/ureter obstruction

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12
Q

Pre-renal ARF

cause, BUN:Cr, FENa, Urine Osm

A

decreased renal perfusion, ratio over 15, FENa under 1%, Urine Osm over 500

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13
Q

Post-renal ARF

cause, BUN:Cr, FENa, Urine Osm

A

obstruction of urine outflow, late = ratio ~ 15, FENa over 2%, Urine Osm under 500

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14
Q

m/c cause of intra-renal ARF

A

acute tubular necrosis

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15
Q

ATN

cause, BUN:Cr, FENa, Urine Osm

A

ischemic or nephrotoxic cause, ratio ~ 15, FENa over 2%, urine osm under 500

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16
Q

characteristic finding on urine micro in ATN

A

brown, granular casts

17
Q

most affected portion of nephron in ischemic ATN

A

PCT, TAL (require most ATP)

18
Q

most affected portion in nephrotoxic ATN

A

PCT (most exposure to agent)

19
Q

most common cause of nephrotoxic ATN

A

aminoglycosides

20
Q

acid-base abnormality associated with ATN

A

anion gap metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia

21
Q

what is AIN?

A

drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that damages the connective tissue between tubules

22
Q

prevention of AIN

A

fever, rash and oliguria after new med started

23
Q

characteristic finding in urine for AIN

A

eosinophils

24
Q

presentation of renal papillary necrosis

A

gross hematuria and flank pain

25
predisposing to renal papillary necrosis (4)
analgesic abuse, DM, SCD, severe pyelo
26
BP that predisposes to benign nephrosclerosis
SBP over 140 chronically
27
typical finding in benign nephrosclerosis
small kidneys bilateral, hyaline arteriolosclerosis
28
BP that predisposes to malignant nephrosclerosis
DBP over 130
29
typical findings in malignant nephrosclerosis (3)
fibrinoid necrosis, onion skinning, flea bitten
30
2 etiologies of renovascular hypertension
renal artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia
31
what is the typical patient with fibromuscular dysplasia?
young woman