Uterus, fallopian tubes

Question 1

when does proliferative phase occur

Answer 1

end of menses till ovulation

Question 2

what hormone is predominates the proliferative phase

Answer 2

estrogen

Question 3

glandular mitosis occurs in what phase

Answer 3

proliferative phase

Question 4

what does basal vacuolation mean

Answer 4

ovulation

Question 5

histo for secretory phase

Answer 5

subnuclear vacuoles

tortuous glands

Question 6

most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Answer 6

anovulatory cycle

Question 7

why would anovulatory cycle cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Answer 7

prolonged estrogen without development of progesterone phase

Question 8

what is inadequate luteal phase

Answer 8

corpus luteum does put out enough progesterone

Question 9

how do you diagnose inadequate luteal phase

Answer 9

perform bx after ovulation

Question 10

when is acute endometritis seen?

Answer 10

after delivery or miscarriage

Question 11

what is seen in histo for acute endometritis

Answer 11

microabscesses

glandular epithelium

Question 12

who can get chronic endometritis

Answer 12

chronic PID
postpartum/postabortion
intrauterine contraceptive devices
pts with TB

Question 13

hist what is seen in chronic endometritis

Answer 13

plasma cells in endometrium

Question 14

What is endometriosis

Answer 14

endometrial glands and stroma in abnormal locations outside the uterus

Question 15

what are 3 theoreis for endometriosis

Answer 15

1. regurgitation theory: retrograde menses
2. metaplastic theory: may arise directly from coelemic
3. lymphvascular: spread through pelvic vessels

Question 16

what is the gross image of endometriosis

Answer 16

little powder burn marks

Question 17

histo for endometriosis

Answer 17

collection of endometrial glands and stroma

Question 18

Endometriosis in ovary is also called what

Answer 18

chocolate cyst

endometrioma

Question 19

what is endometrial polyps

Answer 19

polypoid mass occurs in endometrium

Question 20

what are 2 types of endometrial polyps

Answer 20

1. contains functional endometrium

2. contains cystic, hyperplastic epithelium

Question 21

hist for endometrial polup

Answer 21

multiple dilated endometrial glands

Question 22

What is a cause of excessive uterine bleeding

Answer 22

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 23

what causes endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 23

prolonged estrogen stimulation

Question 24

What are 4 associated condition with endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 24

1. menoapuse
2. polycystic ovarian disease
3. excessive ovarian cortical function
4. prolonged estrogen replacement therapy

Question 25

What gene is deleted in endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 25

PTEN

Question 26

What happens when PTEN is inactivated

Answer 26

endometrial cells become more sensitive to stimulation to by estrogen

Question 27

what type of endometrial hyperplasia has increased gland to stromal ratio and cyst formation

Answer 27

simple hyperplasia

Question 28

what type of endometrial hyperplasia has increased glands with more crowding, enlargement and cytologic atypia

Answer 28

complex hyperplasia

Question 29

what is atypical complex hyperplasia

Answer 29

cytologic atypia

Question 30

how is complex hyperplasia treated

Answer 30

hysterectomy

Question 31

histo for simple hyperplasia

Answer 31

increased number of simple dilated glands

Question 32

histo for complex hyperplasia

Answer 32

infolding and complex gland

Question 33

histo for atypical hyperplasia

Answer 33

increase glands and complex glands | - nuclear features

Question 34

What is the most common invasive carcinoma of female genital tract

Answer 34

endometrial carcinoma

Question 35

what are risk factors for endometrial carcinoma

Answer 35

- estrogen - obesity - nulliparous - hypertension - diabetes

Question 36

what type of endometrial carcinoma has favorable prognosis

Answer 36

- prolonged estrogen stimulation

Question 37

what is non associated excessive estrogen endometrial carcinoma resemble

Answer 37

adenocarcinoma in ovary | - papillary serous

Question 38

gross appearance of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 38

thickened endometrium | polypoid mass

Question 39

microscopic appearance of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 39

Adenocarcinoma : papillary serous

Question 40

What happens in stage 1 endometrial carcinoma

Answer 40

confined to uterus

Question 41

how might endometrial carcinoma present

Answer 41

asymptomatic | my see bleeding

Question 42

what is leiomyomas? what else is it called

Answer 42

benign tumor | fibriods

Question 43

gross appearance of leiomyomas

Answer 43

- well-circumscribed firm white masses

Question 44

histo for leiomyomas

Answer 44

whorled bundles of bland muscle with low | -mitotic count

Question 45

clinical symptoms for leiomyomas

Answer 45

asymptomatic | - associated with abnormal bleeding, urinary frequency, pain, impaired fertility

Question 46

Leiomyosarcoms arises from what layer

Answer 46

myometrium

Question 47

gross apperance of leiomyosarcoma

Answer 47

- bulky fleshy mass within wall - poypoid mass -

Question 48

histo for leiomyosarcoma

Answer 48

- increased mitotic rate | - cytologic atypia

Question 49

where can leiomyosarcoma spread

Answer 49

lung, bone, brain

Question 50

Name a fallopian tube infection? what cuauses it?

Answer 50

- suppurative salpingitis | - gonococcus

Question 51

what is a benign lesion of the fallopian tube

Answer 51

endometriosis

Question 52

what are paratubal cysts

Answer 52

small to prominent cysts hanging off fallopian tubes

Question 53

another name for paratubal cysts

Answer 53

hydatid cyst of morgagni

Question 54

prognosis for fallopian tube adenocarcinoma

Answer 54

poor