Uterus, fallopian tubes Flashcards
when does proliferative phase occur
end of menses till ovulation
what hormone is predominates the proliferative phase
estrogen
glandular mitosis occurs in what phase
proliferative phase
what does basal vacuolation mean
ovulation
histo for secretory phase
subnuclear vacuoles
tortuous glands
most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
anovulatory cycle
why would anovulatory cycle cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding
prolonged estrogen without development of progesterone phase
what is inadequate luteal phase
corpus luteum does put out enough progesterone
how do you diagnose inadequate luteal phase
perform bx after ovulation
when is acute endometritis seen?
after delivery or miscarriage
what is seen in histo for acute endometritis
microabscesses
glandular epithelium
who can get chronic endometritis
chronic PID
postpartum/postabortion
intrauterine contraceptive devices
pts with TB
hist what is seen in chronic endometritis
plasma cells in endometrium
What is endometriosis
endometrial glands and stroma in abnormal locations outside the uterus
what are 3 theoreis for endometriosis
- regurgitation theory: retrograde menses
- metaplastic theory: may arise directly from coelemic
- lymphvascular: spread through pelvic vessels
what is the gross image of endometriosis
little powder burn marks
histo for endometriosis
collection of endometrial glands and stroma
Endometriosis in ovary is also called what
chocolate cyst
endometrioma
what is endometrial polyps
polypoid mass occurs in endometrium
what are 2 types of endometrial polyps
- contains functional endometrium
2. contains cystic, hyperplastic epithelium
hist for endometrial polup
multiple dilated endometrial glands
What is a cause of excessive uterine bleeding
endometrial hyperplasia
what causes endometrial hyperplasia
prolonged estrogen stimulation
What are 4 associated condition with endometrial hyperplasia
- menoapuse
- polycystic ovarian disease
- excessive ovarian cortical function
- prolonged estrogen replacement therapy
What gene is deleted in endometrial hyperplasia
PTEN
What happens when PTEN is inactivated
endometrial cells become more sensitive to stimulation to by estrogen
what type of endometrial hyperplasia has increased gland to stromal ratio and cyst formation
simple hyperplasia
what type of endometrial hyperplasia has increased glands with more crowding, enlargement and cytologic atypia
complex hyperplasia
what is atypical complex hyperplasia
cytologic atypia
how is complex hyperplasia treated
hysterectomy
histo for simple hyperplasia
increased number of simple dilated glands
histo for complex hyperplasia
infolding and complex gland
histo for atypical hyperplasia
increase glands and complex glands
- nuclear features
What is the most common invasive carcinoma of female genital tract
endometrial carcinoma
what are risk factors for endometrial carcinoma
- estrogen
- obesity
- nulliparous
- hypertension
- diabetes
what type of endometrial carcinoma has favorable prognosis
- prolonged estrogen stimulation
what is non associated excessive estrogen endometrial carcinoma resemble
adenocarcinoma in ovary
- papillary serous
gross appearance of endometrial carcinoma
thickened endometrium
polypoid mass
microscopic appearance of endometrial carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma : papillary serous
What happens in stage 1 endometrial carcinoma
confined to uterus
how might endometrial carcinoma present
asymptomatic
my see bleeding
what is leiomyomas? what else is it called
benign tumor
fibriods
gross appearance of leiomyomas
- well-circumscribed firm white masses
histo for leiomyomas
whorled bundles of bland muscle with low
-mitotic count
clinical symptoms for leiomyomas
asymptomatic
- associated with abnormal bleeding, urinary frequency, pain, impaired fertility
Leiomyosarcoms arises from what layer
myometrium
gross apperance of leiomyosarcoma
- bulky fleshy mass within wall
- ## poypoid mass
histo for leiomyosarcoma
- increased mitotic rate
- cytologic atypia
where can leiomyosarcoma spread
lung, bone, brain
Name a fallopian tube infection? what cuauses it?
- suppurative salpingitis
- gonococcus
what is a benign lesion of the fallopian tube
endometriosis
what are paratubal cysts
small to prominent cysts hanging off fallopian tubes
another name for paratubal cysts
hydatid cyst of morgagni
prognosis for fallopian tube adenocarcinoma
poor
