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D&T 4 exam 1 > Thyroid - Denning > Flashcards

Thyroid - Denning Flashcards

1
Q

What do parafollicular cells secrete

A

calcitonin

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2
Q

Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

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3
Q

define hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis

A

hyperthyroidism: hyperfunction
thyrotoxicosis: leakage of thyroid hormone

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4
Q

what is struma ovarii

A

thyroid tissue in ovary

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5
Q

what does hyperthyroidism do to basal metabolic rate

A

increases

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6
Q

GI signs and symptoms for hyperthyroidism

A

hypermotility
absorption
diarrhea

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7
Q

Nervous system signs and symptoms for hyperthyroidism

A

overactive sympathetic

  • wide gazing stare
  • lid lag
    • Stimulation of levator palebrae superioris
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8
Q

what is thyroid storm

A

abrupt onset of thyrotoxicosis

medial emergency

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9
Q

clinical features of thyroid storm

A

tachycardia
thermoregulatory dysfunction ( high temp)
nausea, vomiting

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10
Q

when can thyroid storm be seen

A

in Grave’s disease

following surgery

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11
Q

what are blood values for hyperthyroidsim

A

high T4
low TSH
- then measure t3

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12
Q

treatment options for hyperthyroidism

A
  • beta-blockers
  • thionamides - block new hormone synthesis
  • prevent conversion of T4 to T3
  • Radioiodine to ablate thyroid function
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13
Q

what are most cases of hypothyroidism

A

primary

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14
Q

what is endemic cretinism

A

mother is iodine deficient

baby becomes mentally retarded

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15
Q

myxedema

A
  • generalized apathy and mental sluggishness

- applied to older child or adult

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16
Q

what other condition does myxedema mimmic

A

depression

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17
Q

what are symptoms for myxedema

A

cold intolerant

mucopolysaccharide-rich edema

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18
Q

what are TSH levels for primary and secondary hypothyroidism

A

primary: increased
secondary: decreased

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19
Q

what is the most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism

A

grave’s disease

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20
Q

exophthalmos

A

bulging eyes

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21
Q

signs and symptoms for grave’s disease

A

thyrotoxicosisi
exopthalmus
pretibial myxedema

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22
Q

what happens in grave’s disease

A

autoantibodies
TSI - TSH receptor
TGI - TSH receptor
TBII - prevents binding of TSH

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23
Q

histo for Grave’s disease

A
  • may have papillae without fibrovascular core

- colloid scalloping

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24
Q

What organs does Grave’s impact? how

A

Heart: hypertophied and ischemia
ophthalmology: mucopolysaccharides and lymphocytes
Dermopathy: Pretibial myxedema

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25
how can you treat Grave's
- beta-blockers - thionamides - radioiodine ablation - surgery
26
what is the most common thyroid disease
goiters
27
what are problems that arise from goiters
- cosmetic problems | - airway obstruction
28
what syndrome is seen with goiters
plummer's syndrome
29
what is plummer's syndrome
- hyperfunctioning nodule forms in long standing goiter - hyperthyroidism - no ophthalmopahty or dermopathy
30
goiters can mask or mimic what
neoplasms
31
what usually causes goiters
iodine deficiency
32
what are thyroid and TSH levels in goiters? what do these levels cause
decreased thyroid increased TSH - thyroid enlargement (hypertrophy and hyperplasia)
33
In nonspecific lymphocytic thyroiditis, if you see germinal centers, what disease should you think
Hashimotos
34
what are signs and symptoms for Hashimoto's
painless enlargement
35
how does hashimotos work
anti-TSH receptor Ab blocks action of TSH | hypothyroidism
36
what would laboratory results show for hasimotos
hasitoxicosis - increased T4 and T3 - decreased TSH Radioiodine scan: decreased uptake
37
what is laboratory results for normal hypothyroid
decreased T4 and T3 | increased TSH
38
Hashimotos has increased risk of developing what
B-cell lymphomas
39
what is a possible cause of De Quervains
viral infection
40
signs and symptoms for De Quervains
``` pain in neck, esp. swallowing transient hyperthyroidism (6-8 weeks long) ```
41
De quervains has what type of reaction
Granulomatous rxn
42
histo for De Quervains
neutrophils | giant cells
43
laboratory values for De Quervains
increased: leukocyte count sedimentation rate T4 and T3 decreased: TSH Radioactive iodine uptake decreased
44
what has "woody hard" fibrosis
Riedel's
45
what are thyroid adenomas derived from
follicular epithelium
46
signs and symptoms of thyroid adenomas
painless mass minority hyperfunction cold
47
what type of genetic mutation occurs in thyroid adenoma and what does it cause
somatic mutation - chronic stimulation of cAMP pathway - Gs-alpha mimic exaggerated TSH stimulation
48
gross thyroid adenoma
solitary, spherical, encapsulated
49
histo for thyroid adenoma
no papillary changes - encapsulated papillary CA - well-defined, intact capsule
50
does malignant transormation occur in thyroid adenoma
no except in exceptional circumstances
51
what gender is more likely to get carcinoma of thyroid
female
52
what is the most common type of carcioma of thyroid
papillary
53
signs and symptoms for papillary CA
mass in neck, thyroid or cervical lymph node
54
histo for papillary CA
- nuclear features: "ground glass" or "Orphan Annie" nuclei - papillae: dense fibrovascular core - Pasammmoma bodies
55
where does papillary CA mets to
lymphatics
56
what is the second most common carcinoma of thyroid
folliuclar Ca
57
signs and symptoms for follicular CA
solitary " cold" nodules
58
how is follicular and papillary CA differenciated
follicular: invasion of the capsule or vasculature
59
where does follicular CA mets to
vasculature
60
how is follicular CA treated
suppression by thyroid hormones which suppresses TSH
61
name a neuroendorcine tumor
medullary CA
62
what does medullary CA secrete
Calcitonin
63
what condition can allow someone to get Medullary CA
- MEN IIa and IIIb | - - RET protooncogene
64
signs and symptoms of medullary CA
- sporadic mass in neck | - may secrete VIP causing Diarrhea
65
medullary CA is associated with what condition
C-cell hyperplasia
66
medullary CA have what type of deposists
amyloid deposits of calcium
67
what is the most aggressive carcinoma
anaplastic
68
where is anaplastic CA usually seen
areas of endemic goiter
69
anaplastic CA grow with what
wild abadnon
70
where does anaplastic CA met
distant sites
71
prognosis of anaplastic CA
less than one year

D&T 4 exam 1 (17 decks)

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