Male Genital system Flashcards
1
Q
What is the ventral side of the penis
A
bottom
2
Q
what is the dorsal side of the penis
A
top
3
Q
what is hypospadias
A
abnormal opening of the urethra along ventral aspect of penis
4
Q
What is epispadias
A
abnormal opening of urethra along dorsal aspect of penis
5
Q
hypospaidas and epispadias are associated with what abnormalities
A
malformation of urethral groove and canal
un-descended testis
GU malformation
6
Q
micropenis
A
abnormally short shaft
7
Q
diphallus
A
two penis
8
Q
bifid scrotum
A
2 scrotal sacs
9
Q
phimosis
A
orifice of prepuce is too small to permit retraction
10
Q
how does one get phimosis
A
congenital or
acquired by inflammation
11
Q
phimosis is predisposed to what
A
infection
carcinoma
12
Q
Balanoposthitis
A
infection of glans and prepuce
- nonspecific infection from bacteria/fungus
- not sexually transmitted
13
Q
What does herpes look like
A
superficial ulcer
HSV-2 main
14
Q
what does syphilis look like
A
T. pallidum
chancre slightly raised
red papule
shallow ulcer
15
Q
Name 4 dermatological penile lesions
A
- pemphigus
- lichen planus
- fournier’s gengrene
- peyronie’s disease
16
Q
What is phemphigus? What causes it?
A
- blistering disease caused by autoantibodies
- suprabasal acantholytic blister
17
Q
what is lichen planus
A
flat topped pink purple papule self limited
- etiology not known
18
Q
Fournier’s gengrene
A
subcutaneous infection with gas production, necrosis
- can spread to other ares
19
Q
What is Peyronie’s disease
A
- circumscribed fibrous thickening of connective tissue
- hyalinized
- may have cartilage and bone
- painful curvature of penis toward lesion
20
Q
Peyronie’s disease is associated to what
A
chronic urethritis
21
Q
Name 2 neoplastic disease
A
Condyloma Acuminatum
Giant Condyloma
22
Q
Condyloma Acuminatum is associated with what disease
A
HPV
23
Q
what is Condyloma Acuminatum
A
- sessile or pedunculated
- variable size
- acanthosis
- hyperkeratosis
24
Q
What is acanthosis
A
thickening of epidermis
25
what is hyperkeratosis
thickening of keratin layer
26
another name for Giant Condyloma
Buschke–Löwenstein tumor
27
What does Giant Condyloma look like
large cauliflower like
| multiple
28
What is the differential diagnosis for Buschke–Löwenstein tumor
verrucous carcinoma
29
who usually gets Giant Condyloma
older individuals
30
what is the histology for Condyloma Acuminatum
papilloma --> finger like projections
| Koilocytosis
31
what is Koilocytosis
HPV cytopathy, perinuclear clearing
32
Name 3 dysplastic/CIS lesions of penis
Erythroplasia or Queyrat
Bowen's Disease
Bowenoid papulosis
33
dysplastic/CIS lesions of penis are usually caused by what? and how are they all similar
HPV 16
| all squamous cell carcinoma in-situ
34
What is Bowen's disease
lesion on skin of shaft
| plaque like
35
Where does Erythroplasia of Queyrat occur
lesion on glans
36
how are Erythroplasia of Queyrat and Bowen's disease similar? different?
similar: same histo
different: Q- no increase in visceral Ca
B: increase probability of visceral cancer
37
Who gets Bowenoid papulosis
young sexually active adults
38
What are the low risk HPV
6, 11
39
What are the high risk HPV
16,18,31
40
What is similar about Bowenoid papulosis with Bowen's disease and Erythroplasia of Queyrat? difference?
same histo
| - Bowenoid papulosis has rare malignant transformation
41
What does Erythroplasia of Queyrat look like
soft, red, ulcerated plaque
| - dermal inflammation
42
what is histo for erythroplasia of Queyrat
- irregular dysplastic acanthosis
| - diminished keratin layer
43
What does Bowen's disease look like
bright red plaque with moist surface
44
How many lesions and who usually gets Bowen's disease
single lesion
| older patient
45
What is the histo for Bowen's disease
- dysplastic and anaplastic cells in epithelial layer
| - intact basement membrane
46
What does bowenoid papulosis look like? how many?
multiple pigmented papules
47
squamous cell carcinoma usually occurs in who
older populations
48
what protects males from squamous cell carcinoma
circumcision
49
what lines the normal testis
tunica vaginalis
50
what is cryptorchid testis
undescended testis
| - in inguinal canal or abdomen
51
Cryptorchid testis increases risk for what
- bilateral: infertility
| - germ cell neoplasms
52
what is histo and groos for cryptorchid testis
- increased hyaline deposition
- failure of germ cell maturation
- increase or normal Leydig cells
- tubular atrophy
53
atrophy of testis causes what
- interstitial scarring
- tubular basement membrane thickening
- loss of spermatogenesis
- fibrosis
- decreased or absent germ cells
54
Gonorrhea is seen where and what does it look like
- epididymis
| - abscess formation and general inflammatory changes
55
how does mumps impact the male reproductive system
- heavy mononuclear inflammation
- edema
- may have neutrophils and abscesses
56
who usually gets mumps
- adolescent and adults
57
Where does syphilis impact first and then spread where
- testis
| - spread to epididymis
58
what does syphilis look like
- gummas or diffuse inflammation of lymphocytes
- plasma cells
- obliterative endarteritis
- perivascular cuffing
59
Where does tuberculosis start and spread to
start epididymis then to testis
60
what does tuberculosis look like
classic caseating granulomas of TB
61
What is torsion? what problems does it cause
twisting of spermatic cord and blockage of venous drainage
- hemorrhagic infarction of testis
- acute testicular pain and swelling
62
is torsion a medical emergency
yes
63
Benign paratesticular tumor: adenomatoid tumor usually arises from where
epididymis, mesothelial in nature
64
are tumor markers present in adenomatoid tumor
no
65
histo for adenomatoid tumor
cuboidal/flat cells in cords
| cytoplasmic vacoule
66
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia is associated with what
isochromosome 12p
67
testicular tumors usually occur in who
young people
68
how do testicular tumors present
painless testicular mass
69
germ cell tumors are associated with what
testicular dysgenesis syndrome
70
what is clinical features of testicular dysgenesis syndrome
- cryptorchidism
- hypospadias
- poor sperm quality
71
testicular tumors express what genetically
OCT3/4
| NANOG
72
25% of seminomas have what activating mutations
KIT
73
What are 2 germ cell tumors
AFP
| HCG
74
when do you see AFP
yolk sac tumors
75
when do you see HCG
- choriocarcinoma
76
what age group usually gets seminoma
30s
77
name 3 serum markers for seminoma
hCG (10%)
AFP negative
PLAP
78
histo for seminoma
- lobules with think septa
- large cells
- prominant nucleoli
- sparse lymphocytes
79
who usually gets Spermatocytic seminoma
over 65
| old
80
what are 3 types of cells in spermatocytic seminoma
- small cells
- intermediate cells
- large cells
81
what is the marker for embryonal carcinoma
PLAP positive
82
marker for yolk sac tumor
positive for AFP ( alpha fetoprotein)
| serium elevations for monitering
83
yolk sac tumor name microscopic patterns
endodermal sinus pattern
| schiller-Duvall bodies
84
Choriocarcinoma mets where
liver/lung
85
Choriocarcinoma impact what 2 cells
- syncytiotrophoblastic cells ( large cell with irregular nuclei)
- Cytotrophoblastic cells ( smaller regular cells with clear cytoplasm)
86
Germ cell testicular tumor biopsy associated with
tumor spilllage
87
what are the clinical stages of germ cell testicular tumors
stage 1: confined to testis, epididymis or spermatic cord
stage 2: retroperitoneal nodes below diaphragm
stage 3: mets
88
these markers go with what disease
LDH
AFP
HCG
LDH - tumor burdern/volume
AFP - yolk sac tumor
HCG- choriocarcioma
89
histo for sertoli cell tumor
distinctive trabeculae with cordlike structures and tubules
