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D&T 4 exam 1 > Male Genital system > Flashcards

Male Genital system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ventral side of the penis

A

bottom

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2
Q

what is the dorsal side of the penis

A

top

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3
Q

what is hypospadias

A

abnormal opening of the urethra along ventral aspect of penis

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4
Q

What is epispadias

A

abnormal opening of urethra along dorsal aspect of penis

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5
Q

hypospaidas and epispadias are associated with what abnormalities

A

malformation of urethral groove and canal
un-descended testis
GU malformation

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6
Q

micropenis

A

abnormally short shaft

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7
Q

diphallus

A

two penis

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8
Q

bifid scrotum

A

2 scrotal sacs

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9
Q

phimosis

A

orifice of prepuce is too small to permit retraction

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10
Q

how does one get phimosis

A

congenital or

acquired by inflammation

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11
Q

phimosis is predisposed to what

A

infection

carcinoma

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12
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

infection of glans and prepuce

  • nonspecific infection from bacteria/fungus
  • not sexually transmitted
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13
Q

What does herpes look like

A

superficial ulcer

HSV-2 main

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14
Q

what does syphilis look like

A

T. pallidum
chancre slightly raised
red papule
shallow ulcer

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15
Q

Name 4 dermatological penile lesions

A
  1. pemphigus
  2. lichen planus
  3. fournier’s gengrene
  4. peyronie’s disease
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16
Q

What is phemphigus? What causes it?

A
  • blistering disease caused by autoantibodies

- suprabasal acantholytic blister

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17
Q

what is lichen planus

A

flat topped pink purple papule self limited

- etiology not known

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18
Q

Fournier’s gengrene

A

subcutaneous infection with gas production, necrosis

- can spread to other ares

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19
Q

What is Peyronie’s disease

A
  • circumscribed fibrous thickening of connective tissue
  • hyalinized
  • may have cartilage and bone
  • painful curvature of penis toward lesion
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20
Q

Peyronie’s disease is associated to what

A

chronic urethritis

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21
Q

Name 2 neoplastic disease

A

Condyloma Acuminatum

Giant Condyloma

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22
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum is associated with what disease

A

HPV

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23
Q

what is Condyloma Acuminatum

A
  • sessile or pedunculated
  • variable size
  • acanthosis
  • hyperkeratosis
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24
Q

What is acanthosis

A

thickening of epidermis

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25
Q

what is hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of keratin layer

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26
Q

another name for Giant Condyloma

A

Buschke–Löwenstein tumor

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27
Q

What does Giant Condyloma look like

A

large cauliflower like

multiple

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28
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for Buschke–Löwenstein tumor

A

verrucous carcinoma

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29
Q

who usually gets Giant Condyloma

A

older individuals

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30
Q

what is the histology for Condyloma Acuminatum

A

papilloma –> finger like projections

Koilocytosis

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31
Q

what is Koilocytosis

A

HPV cytopathy, perinuclear clearing

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32
Q

Name 3 dysplastic/CIS lesions of penis

A

Erythroplasia or Queyrat
Bowen’s Disease
Bowenoid papulosis

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33
Q

dysplastic/CIS lesions of penis are usually caused by what? and how are they all similar

A

HPV 16

all squamous cell carcinoma in-situ

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34
Q

What is Bowen’s disease

A

lesion on skin of shaft

plaque like

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35
Q

Where does Erythroplasia of Queyrat occur

A

lesion on glans

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36
Q

how are Erythroplasia of Queyrat and Bowen’s disease similar? different?

A

similar: same histo

different: Q- no increase in visceral Ca
B: increase probability of visceral cancer

37
Q

Who gets Bowenoid papulosis

A

young sexually active adults

38
Q

What are the low risk HPV

A

6, 11

39
Q

What are the high risk HPV

A

16,18,31

40
Q

What is similar about Bowenoid papulosis with Bowen’s disease and Erythroplasia of Queyrat? difference?

A

same histo

- Bowenoid papulosis has rare malignant transformation

41
Q

What does Erythroplasia of Queyrat look like

A

soft, red, ulcerated plaque

- dermal inflammation

42
Q

what is histo for erythroplasia of Queyrat

A
  • irregular dysplastic acanthosis

- diminished keratin layer

43
Q

What does Bowen’s disease look like

A

bright red plaque with moist surface

44
Q

How many lesions and who usually gets Bowen’s disease

A

single lesion

older patient

45
Q

What is the histo for Bowen’s disease

A
  • dysplastic and anaplastic cells in epithelial layer

- intact basement membrane

46
Q

What does bowenoid papulosis look like? how many?

A

multiple pigmented papules

47
Q

squamous cell carcinoma usually occurs in who

A

older populations

48
Q

what protects males from squamous cell carcinoma

A

circumcision

49
Q

what lines the normal testis

A

tunica vaginalis

50
Q

what is cryptorchid testis

A

undescended testis

- in inguinal canal or abdomen

51
Q

Cryptorchid testis increases risk for what

A
  • bilateral: infertility

- germ cell neoplasms

52
Q

what is histo and groos for cryptorchid testis

A
  • increased hyaline deposition
  • failure of germ cell maturation
  • increase or normal Leydig cells
  • tubular atrophy
53
Q

atrophy of testis causes what

A
  • interstitial scarring
  • tubular basement membrane thickening
  • loss of spermatogenesis
  • fibrosis
  • decreased or absent germ cells
54
Q

Gonorrhea is seen where and what does it look like

A
  • epididymis

- abscess formation and general inflammatory changes

55
Q

how does mumps impact the male reproductive system

A
  • heavy mononuclear inflammation
  • edema
  • may have neutrophils and abscesses
56
Q

who usually gets mumps

A
  • adolescent and adults
57
Q

Where does syphilis impact first and then spread where

A
  • testis

- spread to epididymis

58
Q

what does syphilis look like

A
  • gummas or diffuse inflammation of lymphocytes
  • plasma cells
  • obliterative endarteritis
  • perivascular cuffing
59
Q

Where does tuberculosis start and spread to

A

start epididymis then to testis

60
Q

what does tuberculosis look like

A

classic caseating granulomas of TB

61
Q

What is torsion? what problems does it cause

A

twisting of spermatic cord and blockage of venous drainage

  • hemorrhagic infarction of testis
  • acute testicular pain and swelling
62
Q

is torsion a medical emergency

A

yes

63
Q

Benign paratesticular tumor: adenomatoid tumor usually arises from where

A

epididymis, mesothelial in nature

64
Q

are tumor markers present in adenomatoid tumor

A

no

65
Q

histo for adenomatoid tumor

A

cuboidal/flat cells in cords

cytoplasmic vacoule

66
Q

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia is associated with what

A

isochromosome 12p

67
Q

testicular tumors usually occur in who

A

young people

68
Q

how do testicular tumors present

A

painless testicular mass

69
Q

germ cell tumors are associated with what

A

testicular dysgenesis syndrome

70
Q

what is clinical features of testicular dysgenesis syndrome

A
  • cryptorchidism
  • hypospadias
  • poor sperm quality
71
Q

testicular tumors express what genetically

A

OCT3/4

NANOG

72
Q

25% of seminomas have what activating mutations

A

KIT

73
Q

What are 2 germ cell tumors

A

AFP

HCG

74
Q

when do you see AFP

A

yolk sac tumors

75
Q

when do you see HCG

A
  • choriocarcinoma
76
Q

what age group usually gets seminoma

A

30s

77
Q

name 3 serum markers for seminoma

A

hCG (10%)
AFP negative
PLAP

78
Q

histo for seminoma

A
  • lobules with think septa
  • large cells
  • prominant nucleoli
  • sparse lymphocytes
79
Q

who usually gets Spermatocytic seminoma

A

over 65

old

80
Q

what are 3 types of cells in spermatocytic seminoma

A
  • small cells
  • intermediate cells
  • large cells
81
Q

what is the marker for embryonal carcinoma

A

PLAP positive

82
Q

marker for yolk sac tumor

A

positive for AFP ( alpha fetoprotein)

serium elevations for monitering

83
Q

yolk sac tumor name microscopic patterns

A

endodermal sinus pattern

schiller-Duvall bodies

84
Q

Choriocarcinoma mets where

A

liver/lung

85
Q

Choriocarcinoma impact what 2 cells

A
  • syncytiotrophoblastic cells ( large cell with irregular nuclei)
  • Cytotrophoblastic cells ( smaller regular cells with clear cytoplasm)
86
Q

Germ cell testicular tumor biopsy associated with

A

tumor spilllage

87
Q

what are the clinical stages of germ cell testicular tumors

A

stage 1: confined to testis, epididymis or spermatic cord

stage 2: retroperitoneal nodes below diaphragm

stage 3: mets

88
Q

these markers go with what disease
LDH
AFP
HCG

A

LDH - tumor burdern/volume
AFP - yolk sac tumor
HCG- choriocarcioma

89
Q

histo for sertoli cell tumor

A

distinctive trabeculae with cordlike structures and tubules

D&T 4 exam 1 (17 decks)

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