The Endocrine System: pituitary - Graffeo Flashcards
name hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
- GH
- ACTH
- TSH
- FH
- LH
- PRL
name hormones secreted by posterior pituitary
ADH
OT ( oxytocin)
from what embryology does ant. pituitary come from
- oral ectoderm
- Rathke’s pouch Stem cell
which part of the pituitary has the infundibular stalk
posterior pituitary
which pituitary has a venous/portal system
anterior pituitary
pituitary sits in what bone structe
sella turcica
- depression in sphenoid bone
what is the post. pituitary derived from
nervous system tissue
what are 3 types of cells found in normal anterior pituitary and what do they secrete
Acidophil: GH, PRL
Basophil: ACTH, LH, FSH
Chromophobe: TSH
the hypothalamus produces 2 hormones that have a negative impact on what pituitary hormones
dopamine –> prolactin
GIH somatostatin –> GH
majority of cases of hyperpituitarism is due to what
adenomas
How is pituitary adenoma classified
hormone produced, usually one, can be multiple
who can get pituitary adenoma
all adults
pituitary ademona is associated with what neoplasm
multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN-1
What can cause pituitary adenoma?
mass effect of Sella turcica
what are 3 effects of pituitary adenoma
- visual field abnormalities - bitemporal hemianopsia
- ICP
- hypopituitarism
what can be seen in histo for pituitary adenoma
- red or blue or no stain
- no reticulin network
atypical adenomas have increased what
- mitotic figures
- increased KI67
what is the most common hyper functioning pituitary adenoma
prolactinoma
what do prolactinoma form
- calcify and from psammoma bodies
- pituitary stone
signs and symptoms for prolactinoma
- amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility
- loss of libido (men)
what are physiologic causes of serum hyper-prolactinemia
pregnancy
nursing
stress
how does stalk effect create a serum hyper-prolactinemia
- mass in suprasellar compartment
- interferes with normal inhibition by hypothalamus to release dopamine to inhibit PRL secretion
name 2 drugs that decrease serum prolactinemia
phenothizines
haloperidol
does a mild elevation in prolactin in patient with adenoma mean prolactin-secreting tumor
no